生物燃气化学脱碳技术现状与研究进展  

Status and Research Progress of Biogas Chemical Decarbonization Technology

作　　者：薛原 韩伟嘉 林海雷 陈周龙田 吴爽 Xue Yuan;Han Weijia;Lin Hailei;Chenzhou Longtian;Wu Shuang(College of Marine Science and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian Liaoning 116023)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《中外能源》2022年第1期17-25,共9页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：辽宁省博士科研启动基金计划项目“大型海藻热解中原位脱除副产焦油的基础研究”(编号:2019-BS-034);大连海洋大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目“热解副产——生物焦强化生物质热解制气研究”(编号:X202010158017);大连海洋大学引进人才及在职培养博士启动项目“微波热解大型海藻制备生物燃气”(编号:500217201031)。

摘　　要：生物质能源是发展可再生能源的重要研究方向,而生物燃气则是最接近产业化应用的生物质能源,是新能源发展领域中的重点方向。生物燃气中二氧化碳的捕集与脱除,是其应用过程中最关键、也是技术难度最大的环节。当前的脱碳技术按实现原理可大致分为物理方法和化学方法,其中化学方法主要包括液体吸收法、金属氧化物吸收法、二氧化碳还原法等。有机胺化学吸收是目前较为常用的方法,但受制于挥发性与腐蚀性等问题。钙基吸收剂也是较为成熟的二氧化碳吸收剂之一,但再生过程中的烧结一直是需要解决的问题。胺基吸收剂与钙基吸收剂是目前最为成熟,也是距离大规模工业化应用最近的方法。离子液体在吸收与循环性能上具有优势,且在进一步开发上有很大的潜力,但受到高昂成本的制约。以甲烷化为代表的二氧化碳还原技术在反应动力学方面受到很大的限制,高效率与低功耗难以兼得。此外还有无机碱液吸收剂、其他金属氧化物吸收剂等方法。不同的技术具有各自的优势与缺陷,如何因地制宜,选择合适的脱碳工艺并对其进行优化集成,最大程度地降低成本,是工业化应用的关键。Biomass energy is an important research direction of renewable energy development,and biogas,a kind of biomass energy closest to industrial application,is a key direction in the field of new energy development.The capture and removal of carbon dioxide from biogas is the most critical and technically difficult part of its application.The current decarbonization technology can be roughly divided into physical methods and chemical methods according to the realization principle,and the chemical methods mainly include liquid absorption method,metal oxide absorption method and carbon dioxide reduction method.Organic amine chemical absorption is a commonly used method at present,but it is subject to volatility,corrosion and other problems.Calcium-based absorbent is one of the mature carbon dioxide absorbents,but the sintering during its regeneration has always been a problem to be solved.Amine-based absorbent and calcium-based absorbent are the most mature methods that are closest to large-scale industrial application.Ionic liquid has superior absorp-tion and cycling performance and great potential for further development,but it is constrained by high cost.The carbon dioxide reduction technology,represented by methanation,is greatly limited in terms of reaction kinetics,and it′s hard to achieve both high efficiency and low power consumption.There are also inorganic alkaline absorbent and other metal oxide absorbents.Different technologies have their own advantages and disad-vantages,so how to select appropriate decarbonization processes and optimize and integrate them according to local conditions to minimize the cost is the key to industrial application.

关 键 词：生物燃气 化学脱碳 有机胺 钙基吸收剂 离子液体 无机碱液 

分 类 号：TQ028.17[化学工程] TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]