骨骼同位素揭示的天山南麓中部地区察吾呼文化人群生业模式——以和静县莫呼查汗遗址为例  

SUBSISTENCE STRATEGIES OF PEOPLE FROM CHAWUHU CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE OF TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS: A CASE STUDY OF MOHUCHAHAN SITE FROM HEJING COUNTY,XINJIANG

作　　者：董惟妙 安成邦[2] 张铁男[3] 阿里甫江·尼亚孜 DONG Weimiao;AN Chengbang;ZHANG Tienan;Alipujiang NIYAZI(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology&Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu;Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Ürümqi 830011,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系&科技考古研究院,上海200433 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区文物考古研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2022年第1期80-91,共12页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41701215);国家重点研究发展计划项目(批准号:2020YFC1521606);兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室开放基金项目及兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(批准号:lzujbky-2021-kb01)共同资助。

摘　　要：察吾呼文化是青铜时代晚期至早期铁器时代新疆天山中部地区一支非常重要的考古学文化类型,尽管发现和发掘的该文化遗存较多,但针对该文化人群的生业模式的研究尚待深入。本研究选取了位于天山南麓中部的和静县莫呼查汗墓地以及遗址出土的人和动物骨骼材料进行碳氮稳定同位素分析,以揭示距今约3000年前该区域居民的食谱构成和生业模式形态。分析结果显示,人和动物骨骼的氮同位素平均值分别为12.6±0.6‰(n=9)和5.0±2.1‰(n=20),表明上述人群食谱中包含了大量动物蛋白,碳同位素平均值分别为-18.2±0.7‰(n=9)和-18.6±1.0‰(n=20),证实该人群植物性食物摄入以C_(3)占绝对优势。结合莫呼查汗遗址和墓地所处环境以及墓葬中陪葬器物的种类和组合,本研究认为该遗址居民生计模式以放牧为主,羊等动物资源可能构成了其主要的食物来源,食谱中少量的植物性食物,尤其是C_(4) 来源食物可能来自与山谷外从事粟黍种植的人群的交换所得。结合周边其他察吾呼文化遗址的生计相关研究,本文认为该文化体系内人群依各自所生活的环境不同发展出了不同的生态适应策略。Chawuhu Culture is a very important archaeological cultural type in the Central Tianshan Mountains region of Xinjiang from the late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age.Although many cultural relics have been found and excavated,the research on the livelihood of this cultural group needs to be further studied.In this study,human and animal bone materials unearthed from Mohuchahan site(42°29'20″N,85°22'48″E;2289 m a.s.l.),Hejing County,central Xinjiang,were selected for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis,and the diet construction and subsistence strategy of residents in this area about 3000 years ago were revealed.The analysis shows that the average value of nitrogen isotope of human bones is 12.6±0.6‰(n=9),of faunal bones,it's 5.0±2.1‰(n=20),indicating that the diet of the Mohuchahan occupants contains a large amount of animal protein,and the average value of carbon isotope for human is-18.2±0.7‰(n=9),while for fauna,it is-18.6±1.0‰(n=20),which proves that the natural vegetation is mainly C_(3),and C_(3) is the absolute advantage of plant food intake in this population.Combined with the now cold,dry and windy environment of Mohuchahan site,as well as the types and combinations of funerary objects,bronze weapons and harness account for an important proportion of which,found in the tombs,this study believes that the livelihood of the residents of the site is mainly animal husbandry,sheep/goats,horses and other animal resources may constitute the main food source,and a small amount of plant food especially the trace C_(4)-resourced food in the diet of some individuals may have come from sites outside the valley,where there are people engaged in crop cultivation.Combined with the result of subsistence studies of other Chawuhu Cultural sites nearby,this paper believes that the people in this cultural system have developed different ecological adaptation strategies according to their living environment,altitude may have played a key role.Not only was this pattern observed among Chawuhu cultural p

关 键 词：天山中部 骨骼同位素 察吾呼文化 牧业经济 生态适应 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q915.23[历史地理—历史学]