近万年来内蒙古东部地理环境与人类活动遗址关系研究  

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN ACTIVITY SITES IN EASTERN INNER MONGOLIA IN THE PAST TEN THOUSAND YEARS

作　　者：刘露雨 张永[1] 刘依 张彦臻 卢超 安成邦[1] LIU Luyu;ZHANG Yong;LIU Yi;ZHANG Yanzhen;LU Chao;AN Chengbang(Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System,Ministry of Education,College of Earth and Environment Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2022年第1期236-249,共14页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查项目(批准号:2017FY101003);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:420701102)共同资助。

摘　　要：内蒙古东部位于欧亚草原带东端,人类活动历史悠久。但目前对这里的地理环境与人类活动的关系还缺乏系统的整体性研究。文章根据已有的考古资料、全新世以来的环境变化研究结果与具体的实地考察,在数据集成的基础上,系统地分析了内蒙东部地理环境特征与人类活动遗址时空分布之间的关系。结果表明:1)从气候环境的角度上看,全新世的湿度呈从较干燥到湿润再到干燥,温度由偏凉到温暖再转凉的趋势。在环境温暖湿润时,文化较为稳定,每百年文化数量较多,在气候变凉变干之后,遗址点数量明显减少;2)从空间分布看,各个时期的遗址点南部比北部多,尤其以东南部的赤峰市和通辽市遗址最为密集;从时间分布看,内蒙古东部人类遗址数量的高峰期出现在夏家店下层文化时期与辽金时代;3)通过城址数量分析,发现在短期内除了气候变化会影响人类活动外,人文因素如政策、经济发展水平、政治环境等对遗址的时空分布也有较大影响,特别是在历史时期,人文因素的影响不断上升增加;4)气候的变化会使得主要植被类型改变,进而影响人类活动范围与生业模式的选择。该研究可以增加对内蒙东部环境变化与人类活动之间的关系的认识。Eastern Inner Mongolia( 41° 17’ ~ 53° 20’N,115° 21’ ~ 126° 04’E) is located at the east end of the Eurasian steppe. It occupies the marginal area affected by the East Asian monsoon and is characterized by significant climate change and human activities. Ancient human activities were deeply affected by the grassland Silk Road,however,little is known about the environmental-cultural relationships in this study area. Archaeological data collected in the past ten thousand years from the Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Volume,and climate data of Hulun Lake,Daihai Lake,and Chagan Naoer Lake were integrated to understand the regional scale environmental changes and human-environment interactions during the Holocene. The 8673 human sites counted were mainly represented by the Lower Xiajiadian culture( 3041),Liao-Jin culture( 2727),and Hongshan culture( 850). Chifeng and Tongliao in the southeast region were the densest identified city sites. The overall climate varied during this time period: 10 ~ 8 ka B. P. was cool and dry,8. 0 ~ 4. 4 ka B. P. was warm and humid with fluctuating precipitation,4. 4 ~ 3. 0 ka B. P. was dry with low temperatures,and 3. 0 ka B. P-present was cool and dry. A warm and humid environment bore a stable human cultural,the number of sites significantly decreased after the climate became cooler and drier. Climate change affected the main vegetation types which affected the scope of human activities and the choice of production models. The southern part of the study area is warmer and wetter and possessed more human sites in each study period than the northern part. Analysis of the numbers of city sites revealed that climate change together with human factors such as policies,economic development,and the political environment affected human activities in the short term,and human factors had a greater impact on the temporal and spatial distribution of sites,especially during the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. This study strengthens our understanding o

关 键 词：人类遗址 气候变化 全新世 内蒙东部 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P92[历史地理—历史学]