Shifting from homogeneous to heterogeneous surfaces in estimating terrestrial evapotranspiration: Review and perspectives  

作　　者：Yuanbo LIU Guoyu QIU Hongsheng ZHANG Yonghui YANG Yinsheng ZHANG Quan WANG Wenzhi ZHAO Li JIA Xibin JI Yujiu XIONG Chunhua YAN Ning MA Shumin HAN Yifan CUI 

机构地区：[1]Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China [2]School of Environment and Energy,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,China [3]Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100081,China [4]Key Laboratory for Agricultural Water Resources,Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China [5]Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [6]Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [7]Faculty of Agriculture,Shizuoka University,Shizuoka 422-8529,Japan [8]Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China [9]Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China [10]Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China [11]School of Civil Engineering,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China [12]Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [13]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2022年第2期197-214,共18页中国科学（地球科学英文版）

基　　金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51879255,41430855).

摘　　要：Terrestrial evapotranspiration(ET)is a crucial link between Earth’s water cycle and the surface energy budget.Accurate measurement and estimation remain a major challenge in geophysical,biological,and environmental studies.Pioneering work,represented by Dalton and Penman,and the development of theories and experiments on turbulent exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL),laid the foundation for mainstream methodologies in ET estimation.Since the 1990s,eddy covariance(EC)systems and satellite remote sensing have been widely applied from cold to tropical and from arid to humid regions.They cover water surfaces,wetlands,forests,croplands,grasslands,barelands,and urban areas,offering an exceptional number of reports on diverse ET processes.Surface nocturnal ET,hysteresis between ET and environmental forces,turbulence intermittency,island effects on heterogeneous surfaces,and phase transition between underlying surfaces are examples of reported new phenomena,posing theoretical and practical challenges to mainstream ET methodologies.Additionally,based on non-conventional theories,new methods have emerged,such as maximum entropy production and nonparametric approaches.Furthermore,high-frequency on-site observation and aerospace remote sensing technology in combination form multi-scale observations across plant stomata,leaves,plants,canopies,landscapes,and basins.This promotes an insightful understanding of diverse ET processes and synthesizes the common mechanisms of the processes between and across spatial and temporal scales.All the recent achievements in conception,model,and technology serve as the basis for breaking through the known difficulties in ET estimation.We expect that they will provide a rigorous,reliable scientific basis and experimental support to address theoretical arguments of global significance,such as the water-heat-carbon cycle,and solve practical needs of national importance,including agricultural irrigation and food security,precise management of water resources and eco-environmental pr

关 键 词：EVAPOTRANSPIRATION Atmospheric boundary layer Heterogeneous surface Uncertainty 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]