云南省蒋家沟不同植被类型土壤物理性质对水分入渗特征的影响  

The Influence of Soil Physical Properties on the Infiltration of Soil Covered by Different Vegetation Types in the Jiangjia Gully,Yunnan Province,China

作　　者：李松阳 刘康妮 余杭 林勇明[1,2,3] 王道杰 LI Songyang;LIU Kangni;YU Hang;LIN Yongming;WANG Daojie(College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041, China;Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,成都610041 [3]福建省高校森林生态系统过程与经营重点实验室,福州350002

出　　处：《山地学报》2021年第6期867-878,共12页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42071132,41790434);中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室开放研究基金资助项目(20190402);福建农林大学杰出青年科研人才计划项目(xjq2017016)。

摘　　要：云南省蒋家沟是中国西南典型泥石流频发区,区内不同植被类型的土壤物理性质影响土壤水分入渗特征和泥石流启动。以往研究主要关注土壤入渗过程的分析及其对泥石流启动过程的影响,对不同植被类型坡面的入渗特征及入渗与土壤物理性质的关系涉及较少。本研究对云南省蒋家沟裸地、草地、灌丛和林地的基本土壤物理性质进行比较,利用双环入渗法测定4种植被类型的土壤入渗过程,通过4种入渗模型进行拟合并比较其在泥石流频发区的适宜性,分析土壤入渗过程的影响因素,补充并完善了泥石流频发区不同植被类型的坡面土壤水分入渗规律。结果表明:(1)4种植被类型初渗速率值为4.52~31.37 mm/min,稳定渗透速率为0.74~1.47 mm/min,各植被类型平均渗透速率从大到小排序为:裸地>灌丛>草地>林地;(2)4种入渗模型中通用经验模型拟合效果较好,适用于描述本研究区域土壤的入渗特性;(3)灌丛对研究区土壤入渗能力改善效果最佳;(4)影响土壤入渗特征的主要物理性质为土壤孔隙特征和土壤质地。本研究可为有效利用泥石流频发区土壤水资源、合理评价植被类型对土壤结构的改良效应提供科学依据。Soil infiltration is an important part of soil hydrological process.Understanding how soil physical properties of different vegetation types affect the characteristics of soil water infiltration in the area with high-frequency debris flow is essential to improve the knowledge of soil water movement.Previous studies mainly focused on soil infiltration process and its impact on debris flow initiation process,but to our knowledge,the infiltration characteristics of different vegetation types and their relationships with soil physical properties are still poorly understood and undocumented.Therefore,we conducted an observational study on the basic soil physical properties of 4 vegetation types(including bare land,grassland,shrub and forest)and their soil infiltration process using the double ring infiltration method.Four infiltration models(including Kostiakov,Horton,Philip,and common experienced models)were used to simulate the soil infiltration process and analyze its influencing factors.Then,the suitability of 4 infiltration models was determined according to the coefficients of R^(2) and provided insight into the water infiltration law of different vegetation types in the area with high-frequency debris flow.The results show that:(1)The initial infiltration and stable infiltration rates of 4 vegetation types ranged from 4.52 to 31.37 mm/min and 0.74 to 1.47 mm/min,respectively.Vegetation types had different average infiltration rates,with bare land>shrub>grassland>forest.(2)Among 4 infiltration models,the common experienced model had the most fitting effect for describing soil infiltration characteristics in the area.(3)Among 4 vegetation types,shrub had the best effect on improving soil infiltration capacity.(4)The main physical properties affecting soil infiltration characteristics were soil porosity characteristics and soil texture.Our study can provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of soil water resources in the area and evaluating the effect of vegetation types on soil structure improveme

关 键 词：植被类型 土壤物理性质 土壤入渗特征 蒋家沟 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学] F301.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]