山西省玉米种植区土壤养分含量特征  

Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Contents in Maize Planting Areas in Shanxi Province

作　　者：陈婷 李廷亮[1,2,3] 张晋丰 刘洋 王嘉豪[1] 吕卓呈 CHEN Ting;LI Tingliang;ZHANG Jinfeng;LIU Yang;WANG Jiahao;LÜ Zhuochen(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau,Taigu 030801,China;National Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment Experimental Teaching,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心,山西太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第2期213-222,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心基金项目(SBGJXTZX-25);山西省重点研发计划项目(201703D211001)。

摘　　要：明确山西省玉米种植区土壤养分含量现状,为当地土壤养分调控和合理施肥提供理论依据。依据2019年山西省统计年鉴,选取山西省玉米种植面积最大的原平市和寿阳县,以及山西"农谷"建设区太谷县,作为研究典型代表区,根据各县土壤类型、地形特征以及种植区划,采集耕层(0~20 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤有机质、硝态氮、速效钾、有效磷、6种微量元素有效态含量及其10个土壤养分因子相关性分析。结果表明,山西省玉米种植区耕层土壤有机质含量变化范围为4.10~53.98 g/kg,平均值为17.52 g/kg,土壤有机质含量主要集中在10~20 g/kg,样点所占比例为63.78%,整体处于较缺乏至中等水平;土壤硝态氮含量为4.97~37.51 mg/kg,平均值为19.79 mg/kg;土壤有效磷含量为3.17~74.12 mg/kg,平均值为22.64 mg/kg;土壤速效钾含量为58.81~517.02 mg/kg,平均值为220.42 mg/kg,土壤速效养分含量总体比较丰富。山西省玉米种植区土壤中有效铜(Cu)含量为0.24~6.00 mg/kg,平均值为1.26 mg/kg;有效锌(Zn)含量为0.17~5.30 mg/kg,平均值为2.07 mg/kg;有效镍(Ni)含量为0.05~1.30 mg/kg,平均值为0.31 mg/kg;有效铁(Fe)含量为2.60~29.57 mg/kg,平均值为9.40 mg/kg;有效锰(Mn)含量在0.97~37.90 mg/kg,平均值为17.42 mg/kg;有效硒(Se)含量为11.99~85.24μg/kg,平均值为30.43μg/kg。相关分析表明,土壤有机质与土壤有效磷、速效钾以及有效态Cu、Zn、Fe之间存在显著或极显著正相关关系;土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Ni之间存在着较高的极显著正相关关系;有效Se则与其他养分因子的相关性均不显著。山西省现阶段玉米种植区土壤有机质含量整体处于较缺乏至中等水平,土壤氮、磷和钾速效养分以及土壤有效态微量元素含量总体呈中等到较丰富水平,因此,山西省玉米生产过程中应进一步加强有机培肥管理。The objective of this study was to define status of soil nutrient contents in maize planting areas of Shanxi province,so as to provide theoretical basis for local soil nutrient regulation and rational fertilization.Three regions,including Yuanping city,Shouyang county and Taigu county,were selected as the typical representative areas of the study.Yuanping city and Shouyang county had the largest maize planting area in Shanxi povince based on the data of Shanxi Statistical Year book 2019,and Taigu County was the core construction area of Shanxi Agricultural Valley.The soil samples of plough layer(0-20 cm)were collected according to the soil types,topographic features and distribution of maize areas.Soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,available potassium,available phosphorus,available contents of six trace elements and correlation analysis of 10 soil nutrient factors were analyzed.The results showed that the variation range of the contents of soil organic matter in plough layer in maize planting areas in Shanxi was 4.10-53.98 g/kg,with an average value of 17.52 g/kg,the soil organic matter contents were mainly concentrated in the range of 10-20 g/kg,accounting for 63.78%of the samples,which overall was at the level from relative deficiency to moderateness.The contents of soil nitrate nitrogen were 4.97-37.51 mg/kg,with an average value of 19.79 mg/kg.The contents of soil available phosphorus were 3.17-74.12 mg/kg,with an average value of 22.64 mg/kg.The contents of soil available potassium were 58.81-517.02 mg/kg,with an average value of 220.42 mg/kg,the soil available nutrients in maize growing area were rich generally.The contents of soil available Cu were 0.24-6.00 mg/kg,with an average of 1.26 mg/kg.The contents of soil available Zn were 0.17-5.30 mg/kg,with an average of2.07 mg/kg.The contents of soil available Ni were 0.05-1.30 mg/kg,with an average of 0.31 mg/kg.The contents of soil available Fe were 2.60-29.57 mg/kg,with an average of 9.40 mg/kg.The contents of available Mn were 0.97-37.90 mg/kg,with an av

关 键 词：玉米种植区 有机质 速效养分 微量元素 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S513.061[农业科学—作物学]