拮抗微生物对枣果实采后病害生物防治的研究进展  

Advances in biological control of postharvest diseases of jujube by antagonistic microorganisms

作　　者：雷兴梦 易兰花 邓丽莉[1,2] 曾凯芳[1,2] LEI Xingmeng;YI Lanhua;DENG Lili;ZENG Kaifang(College of Food Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Research Center of Food Storage&Logistics,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学食品科学学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学,食品贮藏与物流研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2022年第2期287-292,共6页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002300);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2019jscx-dxwtBX0027)。

摘　　要：枣果实采后极易发生真菌侵染性病害而造成重大损失,利用拮抗微生物防治枣果实采后病害是替代化学合成杀菌剂的一种绿色、环保、安全的防治方法。目前应用于防治枣果实采后病害的拮抗微生物主要为梅奇酵母属(Metschnikowia sp.)、假丝酵母属(Candida sp.)、隐球酵母属(Cryptococcus sp.)以及芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。这些拮抗微生物防治枣果实采后病害的机制包括通过营养与空间的竞争,分泌抑菌性物质和诱导果实抗病性等方面。该文分别从拮抗菌的来源、生防效果、增效途径、作用机制等几个方面阐述目前用于防治枣果实采后病害的主要拮抗微生物,并讨论当前枣果实采后生物防治存在的问题。Postharvest jujube is prone to fungal infection, resulting in significant losses. Antagonistic microorganism is a green, environmentally friendly and safe method to replace chemical synthetic fungicides to control postharvest diseases of jujube. The antagonistic microorganisms applied to control postharvest diseases of jujube mainly include Metschnikowia sp., Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., and Bacillus sp. Control mechanisms of these antagonistic microorganisms against postharvest diseases of jujube fruit mainly include nutrition and space competition, secreting antibacterial substances and inducing host resistance. This review introduces the main antagonistic microorganisms for the controlling of postharvest diseases in jujube, focusing on the source of antagonistic microorganisms, the biological control effect, the methods to improve the biological control effect, and the action mechanisms, and then prospects the current problems of biological control of postharvest jujube diseases.

关 键 词：枣 生物防治 拮抗酵母菌 拮抗细菌 采后病害控制 

分 类 号：S436.65[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]