不同产地及栽培模式下铁皮石斛农艺性状与品质分析  

Analysis of Agronomic Characters and Quality of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. in Different Producing Areas and Cultivation Modes

作　　者：文大成 黄明进[1,2,3] 罗影子 杨秋悦 杨洋 罗春丽 邓帮强[4] WEN Da-cheng;HUANG Ming-jin;LUO Ying-zi;YANG Qiu-yue;YANG Yang;LUO Chun-li;DENG Bang-qiang(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Dendrobium Research Institute,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,China;Bangqiang Dendrobium Planting Base in Jingjiao Township,Dejiang County,Tongren 565200,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学石斛研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省药用植物繁育与种植重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [4]德江县荆角乡帮强铁皮石斛种植基地,贵州铜仁565200

出　　处：《特产研究》2022年第1期61-66,共6页Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research

基　　金：贵州省农业农村厅中药材产业发展项目(黔财农[2020]101号);贵州省教育厅重点领域项目(黔教合KY字[2019]014,黔科合KY字[2021]043);贵州省药用植物繁育与种植人才基地(黔人领发[2013]15号);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009);贵州省作物学重点学科(黔学位合字ZDXK[2014]8号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2019]4327号);铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研[2017]75号)。

摘　　要：铁皮石斛是贵州道地药材截至2020年12月底贵州铁皮石斛仿野生种植面积超过5333.3hm;(平均以45600丛计为1hm;),主要分布在黔西南、黔东南、黔南、铜仁和遵义等河谷温润区域,因其产地立体气候多样和栽培模式不同,对铁皮石斛生长及其品质有一定影响。本研究分析了贵州不同产地及栽培模式下铁皮石斛农艺性状和多糖、蛋白质、浸出物等物质组分含量及其差异,结果表明,不同产区农艺性状指标及品质差异显著产自黔东南锦屏的铁皮石斛多糖(34.3 3±3.04)%、浸出物(10.59±0.34)%含量较高,农艺性状表现较优;产自黔西南贞丰县的铁皮石斛蛋白质含量达到(7.33±0.21)%;搭架和附树栽培模式下铁皮石斛多糖(37.35±7.475)%、浸出物(11.89±0.75)%及农艺性状表现较好,综合品质最佳,蛋白质含量最高的为附栗树栽培达到(7.55±0.53)%。因此在贵州推广铁皮石斛仿野生种植时应优先选择光照条件较好(具适当遮阴度)的温润环境,遮阴度太高不利于铁皮石斛品质形成,搭架、附树和附石等是铁皮石斛仿野生种植的最佳方式。Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.is an authentic medicinal material in Guizhou.As of the end of December 2020,the wild planting area of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.in Guizhou exceeds 5 333.3 hm2,mainly distributed in southwestern,southeastern,Qiannan,Tongren,Zunyi and other river valleys with warm and humid regions have a certain impact on the growth and quality of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.Due to the diverse three-dimensional climate of the production area and the different cultivation modes.This study analyzed the agronomic characteristics of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.and the content of polysaccharides,proteins,extracts and other substances and their differences in different production areas and cultivation modes in Guizhou.The results showed that there are significant differences in agronomic traits and quality in different production areas.Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.polysaccharides(34.33±3.04)% and extracts(10.59±0.34)% from Jinping in the southeast of Guizhou have higher agronomic traits.The protein content of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.in Zhenfeng County,southwestern Guizhou reached(7.33±0.21)%;Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.polysaccharides(37.35±7.475)%,extracts(11.89±0.75)%,and agronomic traits performed well under the frame and attached tree cultivation mode.The overall quality is the best,and the highest protein content is(7.55±0.53)% in the cultivation of chestnut trees.Therefore,when promoting wild planting of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.in Guizhou,priority should be given to choosing better light conditions(with appropriate shading) and a warm and moist environment.Too high shading is not conducive to the quality formation of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo..This is the best way to imitate wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.

关 键 词：铁皮石斛 搭架栽培 附树附石栽培 农艺性状 产量与品质 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]