加气灌溉对关中地区早春大棚番茄长势及产量的影响  

Effect of Aerated Irrigation on Growth and Fruit Yield of Greenhouse Tomato in Guanzhong Area at Early Spring

作　　者：余剑[1] 李元 YU Jian;LI Yuan(Xi'an Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi,China;Northwest Land and Resources Research Center,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,Shaanxi,710119,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市农业技术推广中心,陕西西安710061 [2]陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2021年第12期20-24,40,共6页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：西安市科技计划资助项目(20193052YF040NS040);陕西省农业专项资金项目(陕农业计财〔2020〕41号);中央高校(GK202103129)。

摘　　要：传统灌溉技术在满足番茄水分需求的同时驱排了土壤孔隙间气体,极易造成番茄根区低氧胁迫,进而引起降质减产。灌溉后对根区土壤孔隙间进行人工通气可有效缓解作物根际低氧胁迫对植株的危害。本研究通过设置不同的土壤孔隙间加气量及灌水量处理组合,试图探索适宜于陕西关中地区的加气灌溉技术参数组合。试验结果表明:加气量为1.0倍标准加气量时,番茄长势及其产量较不加气处理均有显著提升。单次灌水由田间持水量的60%升至90%时,番茄产量呈先升高后降低趋势。综合考虑,最优处理组合为土壤孔隙间加气量为1.0倍标准加气量和灌溉至田间持水量的75%处理组合。研究结果可为陕西关中地区设施菜地番茄加气灌溉提供相关理论依据和实践指导。The traditional irrigation meets the water demand of tomato,but air between soil pores is driven out,so it can easily cause hypoxia stress in tomato root zone,and then decrease the quality and yield.After irrigation,aeration between root zone soil pores can effectively alleviate the damage caused by low oxygen stress in the rhizosphere of crops.Different combinations of soil aeration and irrigation treatments were set up to explore the suitable combination of aerated irrigation parameters in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.The results showed that when the aeration rate was 1.0 time of the standard aeration rate,the growth and yield of tomato were significantly improved compared with the non aeration treatment.When irrigation amount increased from 60%to 90%of field capacity,the yield of tomato increased first and then decreased.Comprehensively,the optimal treatment combination was 1.0 time of standard aeration and irrigation to 75%of field capacity.The results of this study provide practical guidance for aeration irrigation of tomato in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.

关 键 词：番茄 加气灌溉 膜下滴灌 长势 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]