基于模糊KANO-SEM模型的用户需求识别方法研究  

User Requirements Identification Method Based on Fuzzy KANO SEM Model

作　　者：李树 蒋鹏[1] LI Shu;JIANG Peng(Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学,成都610041

出　　处：《包装工程》2022年第4期156-162,共7页Packaging Engineering

基　　金：2020年西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2020SYB37)。

摘　　要：目的在产品设计初期,如何在用户的众多需求中识别出用户切实需求,对于初期设计方向的引导具有重大意义,基于此提出一种用户需求识别方法,为确定产品设计方向提供参考依据。方法首先通过文献查阅和用户访谈等方法确定了目标产品的21项用户需求,然后根据模糊KANO模型理论对用户需求进行筛选与分类,得到15项用户需求,包括7项必备需求、4项期望需求和4项兴奋需求,并以此构建用户需求层次模型,然后引入结构方程模型进一步对构建的用户需求层次模型进行权重求解,确定各项需求的权重大小,从而在众多用户需求中识别出10项用户核心需求,指导产品设计。结论以导盲杖用户需求为例,进行了实例分析,并完成了导盲杖的概念设计,验证了该方法的可操作性和实用性。该方法能从众多需求中筛选和识别出用户的核心需求,有效解决了设计人员面对用户多样性和模糊性的需求难以取舍的问题,帮助设计人员确定设计方向,提高设计效率。In the early stage of product design,it is of great significance for the guidance of the initial design direction to identify the actual needs of users among the numerous requirements of users.Based on this,a user requirement identification method was proposed to provide a reference for determining the direction of product design.First of all,the target products of 21 items of user requirements were determined through literature review and user interviews and other methods.Then according to the theory of fuzzy KANO,the user needs are screened and classified,and 15 user needs are obtained,including 7 essential needs,4 expected needs and 4 exciting needs,and based on this,a user needs hierarchy model is constructed.then the structural equation model was introduced to further for the construction of the user requirements hierarchy model for solving weights,the weights of all the requirements were determined,thus in many user requirements identified 10 user core requirements,the product design was guided.Taking the user requirements of the guide stick as an example,the case analysis is carried out,and the conceptual design of the guide stick is completed.The operability and practicability of the method are verified.The method can screen and identify the user’s core requirements from numerous requirements,effectively solving the problem of designers’difficulty in choosing between the diversity and ambiguity of users’requirements,helping designers determine the design direction and improving design efficiency.

关 键 词：用户需求识别 模糊KANO模型 结构方程模型 导盲杖 

分 类 号：TB472[一般工业技术—工业设计]