玄武岩纤维复合材料静、动态力学性能和抗弹性能研究进展  

Research Progress on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Ballistic Properties of Basalt Fiber Composites

作　　者：闫昭朴 王扬卫[1] 张燕 刘毅烽 程焕武[1] YAN Zhaopu;WANG Yangwei;ZHANG Yan;LIU Yifeng;CHENG Huanwu(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;PUFAN Perfect Protection LTD,Beijing 100161,China;PAWOKE Mineral Fiber Products LTD,Guang’an 638600,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [2]北京普凡防护科技有限公司,北京100161 [3]四川帕沃可矿物纤维制品有限公司,四川广安638600

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第4期239-247,共9页Materials Reports

摘　　要：以玄武岩纤维为增强体、树脂为基体制得的玄武岩纤维复合材料具有优异的力学性能、良好的环境适应性和低廉的价格,其在车辆、船舶、航空航天等高新科技领域拥有替代现有玻璃纤维复合材料的潜力。近20年来,玄武岩纤维复合材料的力学性能受到了研究人员的大量关注。玄武岩纤维增强树脂基复合材料中,环氧树脂基复合材料力学性能较为突出,相关研究最受关注。在准静态力学性能研究中,与玻璃纤维复合材料对比发现,玄武岩纤维复合材料在拉伸性能、压缩性能、弯曲性能、抗低速冲击性能、疲劳性能、耐磨性等方面都更为优异,与碳纤维混杂组成复合材料时也表现出更强的性能,并且通过纤维化学改性和基体纳米颗粒改性可进一步提升玄武岩纤维复合材料的力学性能。国内玄武岩纤维复合材料动态力学性能的研究集中于水泥、沥青、混凝土等材料与玄武岩纤维组成的复合材料,对高性能树脂基复合材料的关注较少。国外研究人员对玄武岩纤维增强树脂基复合材料动态拉伸性能进行了全面研究,发现玄武岩纤维复合材料的动态拉伸模量、强度、应变等都随应变率增加而增大,增大幅度在20%~60%;与玻璃纤维复合材料相比,玄武岩纤维复合材料在动态拉伸条件下显示出更高的弹性模量、更大的拉伸强度和更高的拉伸应变。现阶段玄武岩纤维复合材料动态拉伸性能研究的应变率主要集中在100/s左右的较低范围,对动态压缩性能的研究也极为缺失,这难以支撑玄武岩纤维复合材料在涉及高速冲击服役环境中的应用。玄武岩纤维复合材料抗弹性能与S-玻璃纤维复合材料相当,因为玄武岩纤维复合材料具有较为全面的力学性能与环境适应性,所以与其他纤维混杂组成复合材料时可以弥补其他纤维的固有缺点。玄武岩纤维复合材料抗弹性能的变化受基体�Basalt fiber composites with excellent mechanical properties,good environmental adaptability and competitive price can be prepared by using basalt fiber as reinforcement and resin matrix.It has the potential to replace the existing glass fiber composites in the fields of high and new technology,such as vehicles,ships,and aerospace.In the past 20 years,the mechanical properties of basalt fiber composites have attracted much attention.Among the basalt fiber reinforced resin matrix composites,the mechanical properties of epoxy resin matrix composites are more outstanding,and the related research has attracted the most attention.In the study of quasi-static mechanical properties,compared with glass fiber compo-sites,basalt fiber composites are better in tensile properties,compression properties,bending properties,low-speed impact resistance,fatigue properties,wear resistance and other aspects,and they also show stronger performance improvement when mixed with carbon fiber composites.Moreover,the mechanical properties of basalt fiber composites can be further improved by fiber chemical modification and matrix nano particle modification.The research on dynamic mechanical properties of basalt fiber composites in China mainly focuses on the composite materials composed of cement,asphalt,concrete and basalt fiber,and less attention is paid to high-performance resin-based composites.The dynamic tensile properties were studied thoroughly by foreign researchers.It is found that the dynamic tensile modulus,strength and strain of basalt fiber composites all increase with the increase of strain rate,and the increase range is 20%—60%;compared with glass fiber composites,basalt fiber composites exhibit higher elastic modulus,ultimate tensile strength and ultimate tensile strain under dynamic tensile conditions.However,at the present stage,researches on dynamic tensile properties of basalt fiber composites mainly focus on the lower range of about 100/s,and researches on dynamic compression properties are also extremely lacking,w

关 键 词：玄武岩纤维 复合材料 力学性能 抗弹性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]