中国近现代开放的比较与世界意义  

Comparison of China's Modern Opening up and Significance to the World

作　　者：张为付[1] 陈佩[2] ZHANG Weifu;CHEN Pei(School of International Economics and Trade, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;College of Food and Material Science, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学国际经贸学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京财经大学粮食和物资学院,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《南京财经大学学报》2022年第1期86-96,共11页Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“信息技术变革赋能中国对外贸易高质量发展的机制与路径研究”(21BJY052);江苏省社会科学基金重大项目“江苏以科技创新驱动产业链供应链优化升级研究”(21ZD001)。

摘　　要：自1840年鸦片战争开始,历经1949年新中国成立,1978年改革开放,到如今成为世界第二大经济体,中国经过了百余年的跌宕起伏和艰苦奋斗,谱写了极具中国特色的开放篇章。通过梳理中国近现代开放阶段并比较各阶段发展特征,将中国近现代开放分为三个阶段,分别为:1840年西方列强枪口下的被动开放,彼时中国处于战火之中,被迫打开国门,沦为半封建半殖民地社会;1980年之后中国自我觉醒下的主动开放,纠正了错误的思想,实行改革开放,积极参与国际贸易,求索发展新思路;2020年之后中国自觉下的深化开放,是在经济、社会、文化等发展处于空前水平下的再一次主动融入世界。中国的改革开放提升了中国的综合国力和人民的生活水平,也为世界经济发展做出了巨大贡献。From the Opium War in 1840 to the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,and through the reform and opening up in 1978,China has become the world's second largest economy.Through ups and downs and hard work,China has written a chapter of opening-up with distinctive Chinese characteristics.By sorting out the modern stages of China's opening up and comparing the development characteristics of each stage,this paper divides modern opening up of China into three stages.In 1840,China was opened up passively under the gun of western powers.At that time,China was forced to open its door and become a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society.In the 1980s,China woke up and took the initiative to open up.China corrected its wrong ideas,carried out reforming and opening up,actively participated in international trade,and sought new ideas for development.In the 2020s,China's self-conscious deepening of opening-up,China's economic,social,cultural,and other development at an unprecedented level once again actively integrated into the world.The reform and opening up of China has improved its comprehensive national strength and living standards of people,also made great contribution to economic development of the world.

关 键 词：近现代开放 从被动到自觉 高质量发展 世界贡献 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济]