奶牛生产性能测定技术在太原市规模牧场的应用  

Application of Dairy Herd Improvement in Large-scale Farms of Taiyuan

作　　者：孔慧芳 魏江斌 李晓姣 吴琳 陈新慧 郝少雄 KONG Hui-fang;WEI Jiang-bin;LI Xiao-jiao;WU Lin;CHEN Xin-hui;HAO Shao-xiong(Taiyuan Animal Husbandry Development Center,Taiyuan 030027;Shanxi Animal Husbandry Development Center,Taiyuan 030027)

机构地区：[1]太原市畜牧发展中心,太原030027 [2]山西省畜牧遗传育种中心,太原030027

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2022年第1期60-64,共5页China Dairy Cattle

摘　　要：为了解奶牛生产性能测定(dairy herd improvement,DHI)在太原市奶牛场的应用情况及其对产奶量的影响,本研究对2020年11月份太原市8个规模牧场的3188头DHI参测牛数据进行分析,结果发现泌乳牛的平均日单产为27.39kg、乳脂率为3.67%、乳蛋白率为3.59%、体细胞数为22.53万/mL、尿素氮为12.55mg/dL,均在正常指标范围内。但脂蛋比为1.03,略低于正常水平。平均泌乳天数比正常泌乳天数多32~52d,泌乳高峰日出现日期略晚于正常泌乳高峰日1~31d,牛群三胎及以上牛比例明显偏低。由此发现,参测牛场在饲料组成结构、繁殖管理和产后护理上均存在问题,应制定合理的养殖及繁殖计划。另外,太原市的DHI参测比例较低,应进一步增加对DHI的技术及资金支持,进一步提高参测比例,让更多牧场享受到数据分析带来的红利。To study the application of dairy herd improvement technology in dairy farms of Taiyuan and its impact on milk production,the 3188 test-day records of Chinese Holstein dairy cows were collected and analyzed in November 2020,which were from 8 large-scale farms in Taiyuan City.The results showed that the average test-day milk yield(27.39kg),the milk fat rate(3.67%),the milk protein rate(3.59%),the somatic cell count(225,300 cells/ml),and the urea nitrogen(12.55mg/dL)were all within the normal range,but fat protein ratio(1.03)was slightly lower,the average lactation days was 32~52d longer and the peak lactation day was 1~31d later than the normal level.In addition,the dairy cows number with three parities and above is significantly lower.As a result,it was found that the cattle farms had problems in the feed composition,reproduction management and postpartum care,and a reasonable breeding plan needed to be formulated.In addition,the proportion of cow individuals participating in DHI was relatively low,the technical services and financial support for DHI should be further increased to increase its proportion,so that the more dairy farms can obtai n the benefits from data analysis.

关 键 词：DHI 乳脂率 脂蛋比 平均泌乳天数 

分 类 号：S8-1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]