黄河入海水沙情势变化分析  

An Analysis of the Latest Variations of Incoming Water and Sediment in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：韩沙沙 谈广鸣[3] 赵连军[1] 傅旭东[2] 王静雯 HAN Sha-sha;TAN Guang-ming;ZHAO Lian-jun;FU Xu-dong;WANG Jing-wen(Key Laboratory of Lower Yellow River Channel and Estuary Regulation,Ministry of Water Resources,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,郑州450003 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第2期1-5,19,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题项目(2017YFC0405204);黄河水利科学研究院科技发展基金项目(黄科发202104)。

摘　　要：为探究气候变化与人类活动影响双重作用下黄河入海水沙新情势,基于1950-2018年利津站实测水沙资料,采用系列水文检验方法,从趋势性、变异性、年内分布和水沙搭配四个方面系统分析了黄河口来水来沙变化规律。研究发现,黄河口水沙情势变化显著,主要包括:黄河口水沙通量总体均呈显著减少趋势;水沙均在1985年前后发生变异,其变异时间与水库的修建和运行密切相关;水沙年内分布发生了变化,1950-1999年水沙大量入海集中在8-10月,年内分布不均匀度呈增大趋势,2000年以后主要集中于6-7月的调控期,年内分布不均匀度稍减;来沙系数2000年以前逐阶段增大,2000年后锐减至自然阶段水平,且最大水流挟沙力对应流量呈减小趋势。总体来看,黄河口来水来沙过程逐渐由自然模式转变为人为调控模式。To investigate the latest variations of incoming water and sediment in the Yellow River Delta under the influences of climate change and human activities,this paper analyzes systematically the changes in water and sediment regime at Lijin Station during 1950-2018 from four aspects of water and sediment,including trend,variability,annual distribution and water sediment collocation using the series of hydrological verification methods.The results show that:(1)there was a significant decrease in runoff and sediment load on the whole.(2)The water and sediment regime experienced the variation in around 1985,with the timing closely associated with the construction and operation of reservoirs.(3)The annual distribution of water volume and sediment load also changed.The data shows that the water and sediment delivery to the sea mainly occurred in the period between August and October during 1950-1999 and the non-uniformity of annual distribution presented an increasing trend.However,after the year 2000,this phenomenon usually occurred in the operation period of the Water-sediment Regulation Scheme(WSRS)from June to July,and the annual non-uniformity declined slightly.(4)Before 2000,the incoming sediment coefficient increased gradually,but after 2000 it decreased dramatically to a level in natural stages of 1950-1959,and there was a decreasing trend for the flow discharge corresponding to the maximum sediment transport capacity.In summary,the runoff and sediment transport process of the YRD has gradually transferred from natural mode to man-made mode.

关 键 词：水沙条件 水文检验 黄河口 趋势性 水沙搭配 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]