4种Y系中间砧对2个苹果品种开花结果的影响  

Effects on flowering and fruiting of two apple varieties grafted onto four Y series interstocks

作　　者：蔡华成 王骞 高敬东 李春燕 杜学梅[1] 王淑婷 杨廷桢 CAI Huacheng;WANG Qian;GAO Jingdong;LI Chunyan;DU Xuemei;WANG Shuting;YANG Tingzhen(Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural Unversity,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology,Taiyuan 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学果树研究所,果树种质创制与利用山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第1期15-18,23,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：山西省农业科学院优势课题组项目(YCX2018D2YS17);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-27);山西省科技成果转化引导专项(201804D131055);山西农业大学“十四五”生物育种项目(YZGC034)。

摘　　要：以八棱海棠作基砧,分别以4种Y系砧木作中间砧,嫁接苹果品种嘎拉、长富2号,比较其早花性、早期产量、果实品质等。结果表明:4种中间砧的嘎拉和长富2号均在定植后第2年开花;以Y-1、Y-2、Y-4作中间砧的嘎拉和长富2号花序数均极显著多于以Y-3作中间砧的;以Y-1、Y-4作中间砧的嘎拉和长富2号3年产量和优果率基本上极显著高于以Y-2、Y-3作中间砧的;以Y-1、Y-4作中间砧的嘎拉和长富2号单果重基本显著大于以Y-2、Y-3作中间砧的;4种中间砧对嘎拉果形指数的影响均不显著,对长富2号果形指数的影响3年不一致;以Y-1、Y-2、Y-4作中间砧对嘎拉或长富2号果实可溶性固形物含量差异基本不显著,总体上高于以Y-3作中间砧的;4种中间砧对嘎拉果实可滴定酸含量影响3年均不显著,以Y-2和Y-3作中间砧的长富2号果实可滴定酸含量3年均极显著高于以Y-1和Y-4作中间砧的;以Y-1、Y-2、Y-4作中间砧的嘎拉果实固酸比3年基本显著或极显著大于以Y-3作中间砧的,以Y-1、Y-4作中间砧的长富2号果实固酸比3年均极显著大于以Y-2、Y-3作中间砧的。综合评价早花性、产量、果实品质等指标,Y-1和Y-4是宜在苹果生产中应用的砧木品种。With Malus robusta as rootstock, four kinds of Y-series interstocks were grafted with ’Gala’ and ’Nagafu 2’as materials, compare their early flowering, early yield, fruit quality, etc. The results showed that, two varieties grafted onto four interstocks could blossom in the second year after planting. The inflorescences number by Y-1, Y-2, and Y-4 were extremely significantly higher than that of Y-3 interstock. The 3-year yields and excellent fruit rate with Y-1 and Y-4 were significantly higher than those of Y-2 and Y-3. The single fruit weight showed same performance. The four interstocks had no significant influence on the ’Gala’ fruit shape index. The effects of the four interstocks on the fruit shape index of ’Nagafu2’ were inconsistent in 3 years. There was no significant difference in the soluble solid content of ’Gala’ or ’Nagafu 2’ fruits with Y-1, Y-2, and Y-4, and they were generally higher than those of Y-3. The effects of four kinds of interstocks on the titratable acid content of ’Gala’ fruit were not significant for 3 years. The titratable acid content of ’Nagafu 2’ fruit with Y-2 and Y-3 was significantly higher than that with Y-1 and Y-4 for 3 years. The solid-acid ratio of ’Gala’ fruit with Y-1, Y-2,and Y-4 was significantly or extremely significantly greater than that with Y-3. The solid-acid ratio of ’Nagafu 2’ fruit with Y-1 and Y-4 was extremely significantly higher than that with Y-2 and Y-3 for 3 years. Considering early flowering, yield,fruit quality and other indicators, Y-1 and Y-4 were suitable interstocks for utilization in apple production.

关 键 词：苹果 Y系中间砧 嘎拉 长富2号 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]