不同中间砧对鲁丽苹果幼树生长结果及耐寒性的影响  

Effects of different interstocks on growth,fruiting and cold resistance of ’Luli’ apple young trees

作　　者：石晓英 姬新梅 王荣 张学英[1] 徐继忠[1] 李中勇[1] SHI Xiaoying;JI Xinmei;WANG Rong;ZHANG Xueying;XU Jizhong;LI Zhongyong(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,保定071001

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第1期19-23,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(19226317D、20326802D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系水果创新团队项目(HBCT2018100403);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：以海棠为基砧,以SH40、冀砧1号、冀砧2号和2号作中间砧的鲁丽苹果幼树为试材,研究了4种中间砧对其生长、产量、果实品质和抗寒性的影响。结果表明:不同砧穗组合的树高、干径、枝展随着树龄的增长而升高,其中冀砧2号中间砧树高增长量、中间砧干径最大;SH40中间砧树高增长量次之,枝展较大。冀砧2号中间砧树主枝数最多,为28.3个;2号中间砧树短枝比率最高,为75%。4个砧穗组合均是2020年开始有一定产量,其中冀砧2号中间砧树产量最高,单果重最高,苹果酸含量也最大。SH40中间砧树产量、单果重次之,固酸比最大。由低温半致死温度推断,树体抗寒性按中间砧排序,由强到弱依次为冀砧1号>SH40>冀砧2号>2号。综合分析认为,以SH40和冀砧2号作中间砧,鲁丽树体生长较好,结果初期产量高,果实品质优良,抗寒性较强。The effects of four kinds of interstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and cold resistance of ’Luli’ young trees with crabapple as base rootstocks, ’SH40’, ’Jizhen 1’, ’Jizhen 2’ and ’2’ as interstocks were studied. The results showed that the tree height, stem diameter and branch width of different rootstock combinations increased with the growth of tree age,among which ’Jizhen 2’ interstock had the largest increment of tree height and the largest diameter. The growth of tree height of ’SH40’ interstock was the second, and the branch width was larger. The number of main branches of ’Jizhen 2’ interstock tree was the largest, 28.3;the short branch ratio of ’2’ interstock was the highest, 75%. All the four rootstock combinations had a certain yield since 2020, and ’Jizhen 2’ interstock has the highest yield, fruit mass and malic acid content. The yield and fruit mass of ’SH40’ interstock were the second, and the ratio of soluble solid to malic acid was the largest. It can be inferred from the semi-lethal low temperature that the cold resistance of the tree is ranked according to the interstocks, and the order from strong to weak is ’Jizhen 1’>’SH40’>’Jizhen2’>’2’. Comprehensive analysis showed that with ’SH40’ and’Jizhen 2’ as interstocks, ’Luli’ had good tree growth, high yield in the initial stage of fruit bearing, excellent fruit quality and strong cold tolerance.

关 键 词：苹果 鲁丽 中间砧 SH40 冀砧1号 冀砧2号 2号 生长 结果 抗寒性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]