喷施钙肥对梨果实品质和石细胞代谢的影响  

Effects of spraying calcium fertilizer on fruit quality and stone cell metabolism of pear

作　　者：张伟 刘畅 杜国栋[1] 汪晓谦[1] ZHANG Wei;LIU Chang;DU Guodong;WANG Xiaoqian(College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Liaoning 110866;Liaoning Institute of Fruit Science)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,辽宁110866 [2]辽宁省果树科学研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第1期34-39,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：沈阳市农村科技特派团专项(21-116-3-45);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKZ0637);财政部和农业农村部:国家梨产业技术体系岗位专家项目(CARS-28)。

摘　　要：石细胞是影响梨果实品质的关键因素之一,钙与石细胞次生壁形成过程关系密切。以南果梨为试材,于花后不同时期喷施钙肥,研究了不同浓度的氯化钙及糖醇螯合钙对其果实品质及石细胞代谢的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同钙肥处理对南果梨果实品质均有所改善,同时显著提高果实钙含量,并对石细胞形成有不同程度的抑制作用。其中,盛花期后20d喷施5.0g/L氯化钙可显著增加南果梨单果重、横纵径和总钙含量,并减少石细胞积累,效果最佳。进一步研究发现,氯化钙处理降低了木质素合成相关基因PuC3H、Pu CAD、PuPOD、PuLAC的表达水平。因此,钙处理可通过抑制木质素途径下游基因的表达来减少石细胞的积累,是提高南果梨果实品质的有效措施。Stone cells are one of the key factors affecting pear fruit quality. Calcium is closely related to the formation of secondary wall of stone cells. The effects of different concentrations of calcium chloride and calcium glycol chelate on the fruit quality and the metabolism of stone cells were studied. The results showed that compared with the control group, different calcium fertilizer treatments improved the fruit quality of ’Nanguoli’ pear, significantly increased the fruit calcium content, and had different degree of inhibition on the formation of stone cells. Among them, spraying 5.0 g/L calcium chloride 20 days after flowering stage could significantly increase the single fruit weight, horizontal and vertical diameter and calcium content of ’Nanguoli’ pear, and reduce the accumulation of stone cells, with the best effect. Further studies showed that calcium chloride treatment decreased the expression levels of biosynthesis related genes PuC3 H, PuCAD, PuPOD and PuLAC. Therefore, calcium treatment can reduce the accumulation of stone cells by inhibiting the expression of downstream genes of lignin pathway, which is an effective measure to improve the quality of ’Nanguoli’ pear.

关 键 词：梨 钙 石细胞 木质素 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]