我国淡水贝类种质资源现状与保护利用  

Germplasm resources situation and protection & utilization of freshwater molluscs in China

作　　者：白志毅[1,2,3] 温鹏超 袁立 汪桂玲[1,2,3] 李家乐[1,2,3] BAI Zhiyi;WEN Pengchao;YUAN Li;WANG Guiling;LI Jiale(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第1期149-157,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0901406);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-49);国家自然科学基金(31872565)。

摘　　要：我国淡水贝类资源丰富、种类繁多,有记录的淡水贝类目前已经超过470种,广泛分布于我国各地的湖泊、河流和山间湿地等生态系统中。其中我国特有种贝类在各主要分布水系的比例均高于50%,特有种质资源十分丰富。淡水贝类不仅在生态系统中扮演着重要的角色,而且具有巨大的经济价值。淡水珍珠蚌中三角帆蚌和褶纹冠蚌,以及一些食用贝类如中华圆田螺、螺蛳、河蚬等的资源开发比较充分,但是由于淡水贝类分布范围广、栖息环境多样,相对于其他一些淡水贝类,目前研究还仅限于资源调查和物种鉴定层面。整体上,国内淡水贝类的种质资源评估不够系统,保护和开发利用未得到足够重视。本文就我国淡水贝类物种多样性与区域分布、淡水贝类种质资源可持续开发与利用情况、引进淡水贝类种质资源与利用现状及淡水贝类种质资源现行保护措施进行概述,并提出有关淡水贝类种质资源保护和可持续利用的建议,以期促进我国淡水贝类资源保护和开发利用协同发展。Freshwater shellfish resources are abundant in China. More than 470 species of freshwater shellfish have been recorded and are widely distributed in lakes, rivers and intermountain wetlands in China. Among them,the unique germplasm resources are very rich where the proportion of specific shellfish species in all major river systems in China is higher than 50%. Freshwater shellfish not only play an important role in the ecosystem, but also have great economic value. The resources of freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii, Cristaria plicata, as well as some edible shellfish, Sinotaia quadrata, Corbicula fluminea, etc. are fully exploited. However, due to the wide distribution and diverse habitats of freshwater shellfish, some other freshwater shellfish are only investigated and identified. On the whole, the germplasm resources assessment of freshwater shellfish in China is not systematic enough, and the protection, development and utilization of freshwater shellfish have not been paid enough attention. Therefore, in this paper, the species diversity and regional distribution of freshwater mollusks, the sustainable development and utilization of freshwater shellfish germplasm resources, the status quo of introduced freshwater shellfish germplasm resources and the current protection measures of freshwater mollusks germplasm resources in China were summarized, and then, some suggestions on the protection and sustainable utilization of freshwater shellfish germplasm resources were put forward. It is expected to promote the synergistic development of protection, exploitation and utilization of freshwater shellfish resources in China.

关 键 词：淡水贝类 种质资源 保护 开发 

分 类 号：S932.6[农业科学—渔业资源]