粤港澳大湾区大气中硝基多环芳烃污染特征与风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：李彦希 谢丹平 黎玉清 金梦 丁紫荣 闫雅楠 赵波 LI Yan-xi;XIE Dan-ping;LI Yu-qing;JIN Meng;DING Zi-rong;YAN Ya-nan;ZHAO Bo(South China Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510655,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第1期93-101,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801602);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-202002-064)。

摘　　要：为探究粤港澳大湾区硝基多环芳烃(NPAHs)污染特征与来源,利用大气主动采样技术采集44个环境空气样品,并使用气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱测定NPAHs浓度.结果表明,同时使用滤膜、PUF和XAD-2树脂,可以更高效采集到气态和颗粒态的NPAHs,准确表征环境空气中NPAHs的污染状况.粤港澳大湾区环境空气中(ρ(Σ_(18)NPAHs)范围为162~2094 pg·m^(-3),夏季和冬季的平均(ρ(Σ_(18)NPAHs)分别为(675±430)pg·m^(-3)和(637±349)pg·m^(-3).NPAHs广泛存在于粤港澳大湾区环境空气中,以1-硝基萘(220 pg·m^(-3))、2-硝基萘(146 pg·m^(-3))、9-硝基蒽(105 pg·m^(-3))和2-硝基荧蒽(72 pg·m^(-3))为主,夏季和冬季的族谱特征相似.NPAHs的气/粒分配特征表现为:2环和3环NPAHs倾向于赋存在气相,4环NPAHs倾向于吸附在颗粒相;颗粒相NPAHs在总NPAHs中的占比随分子量增大而增大;冬季NPAHs倾向于吸附在颗粒相中,夏季NPAHs倾向于赋存在气相中.基于特征污染物比值判断,粤港澳大湾区大气中NPAHs在夏季和冬季的主要来源是二次生成,二次生成源以·OH反应生成的贡献为主.呼吸暴露致癌风险值计算结果显示,粤港澳大湾区人群的呼吸暴露致癌风险处于可控范围.To investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(NPAHs)in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),44 ambient air samples were collected using the active sampling method,which were then determined via gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.The main results showed that filters,polyurethane foam,and XAD-2 resin were the essential materials for sampling NPAHs in ambient air in order to characterize the pollution status accurately.The levels of(ρ(Σ_(18)NPAHs) in ambient air at GBA ranged from 162 pg·m^(-3)to 2094 pg·m^(-3),and the average levels of(ρ(Σ_(18)NPAHs) were(675±430)pg·m^(-3)in summer and(637±349)pg·m^(-3)in winter.NPAHs were widely found in the ambient air of GBA and were dominated by 1-nitronaphthalene(220 pg·m^(-3)),2-nitronaphthalene(146 pg·m^(-3)),9-nitroanthracene(105 pg·m^(-3)),and 2-nitrofluoranthene(72 pg·m^(-3)).The congener profile characteristics of NPAHs in summer and winter were similar.The gas/particle partitioning characteristics of NPAHs revealed that dicyclic and tricyclic NPAHs tend to occur in the gas phase,and tetracyclic NPAHs tend to be adsorbed in the particle phase.The fraction of NPAHs concentrations in the particulate fraction of their total atmospheric concentrations increased with the increase in their molecular weight.In winter,NPAHs tend to be adsorbed in the particle phase,whereas in summer,NPAHs tend to exist in the gas phase.Based on the ratios of characteristic pollutants,in both the summer and winter season,photochemical reactions were the main source of NPAHs in the atmosphere of GBA and were primarily generated by the reaction of the hydroxyl radical in the daytime.The carcinogenic risk value calculation showed that the current carcinogenic risk of NPAHs in the ambient air of GBA was controllable.

关 键 词：硝基多环芳烃(NPAHs) 粤港澳大湾区(GBA) 大气污染特征 气/粒分配 来源分析 致癌风险 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]