北京市北运河水系底栖动物群落与水环境驱动因子的关系及水生态健康评价  

Quantitative Analysis of the Correlation Between Macrobenthos Community and Water Environmental Factors and Aquatic Ecosystem Health Assessment in the North Canal River Basin of Beijing

作　　者：胡小红 左德鹏 刘波 黄振芳 徐宗学 HU Xiao-hong;ZUO De-peng;LIU Bo;HUANG Zhen-fang;XU Zong-xue(Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Hydrological Station,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京市水文总站,北京100081

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第1期247-255,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(8202030);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1502703)。

摘　　要：底栖动物可反映多种生态威胁对水环境的积累效应,与河流水生态系统健康状态密切相关.本研究以北京市典型流域北运河流域为例,基于2015年夏季野外采样调查34个站点水生态数据,对底栖动物群落特征进行分析,采用典型对应分析筛选得到水质驱动因子,利用临界点指示类群分析方法探究关键影响因子的指示物种及其阈值,并基于底栖动物完整性指数和综合指数法对水生态系统健康状况进行评价.结果表明,底栖动物群落以耐污的水生昆虫和软体动物为主,多样性水平较低,位于0~1.01之间;氟化物、生化需氧量、氨氮和总磷为底栖动物群落的关键水质影响因子;氨氮有4种正响应指示物种,其阈值范围为1.09~6.94 mg·L^(-1),总磷有3种正响应指示物种,其阈值范围为0.48~1.27 mg·L^(-1);健康评价结果表明全流域水生态健康评价结果总体较差,中上游健康状况相对较好,健康状况最好地区主要位于昌平区山区,健康状况最差地区主要位于朝阳区及中心城区.本研究结果可为河流生态修复和污染物控制提供依据,同时也为其他城市水生态文明建设提供参考.Macrobenthos can reflect the cumulative effect of various ecological threats on the water environment and are closely related to the health of river ecosystems. In this study, taking the North Canal River basin, a typical basin in Beijing, as an example, ecological data from 34 stations were investigated in the summer of 2015. Characteristics of the macrobenthos communities were analyzed, and driving environmental factors were identified using typical correspondence analysis. Thresholds and response species of those driving environmental factors were conducted using the thresholds indicator taxa analysis(TITAN). In this study, the health status of the river ecosystem was evaluated by the multi-metrics method and benthic index of biotic integrity(B-IBI). The benthic community was dominated by pollution-tolerant aquatic insects and mollusks, with a low-level Shannon-wiener diversity index between 0-1.01;fluoride, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia-nitrogen, and total phosphorus were driving environmental factors influencing the community structure of macrobenthos. Indicator species of ammonia-nitrogen were identified by the TITAN in the North Canal River basin with a threshold range of 1.09-6.94 mg·L^(-1);three indicator species of total phosphorus were identified with a threshold range of 0.48-1.27 mg·L^(-1), which were all positive response species. According to the health assessment, the river ecosystem in the North Canal River basin was generally unhealthy, and the upstream ecosystem was better than that downstream;the health conditions in the mountainous areas of Changping district were the best, whereas those in Chaoyang and central city districts were the worst. This study can provide a basis for ecological restoration and pollution control of rivers and also provide a reference for the water ecological civilization construction in other cities.

关 键 词：底栖动物 临界指示物种分析法(TITAN) 阈值 城市河流 水生态健康评价 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X824