废弃采石场自然恢复过程中土壤和植被特征  

Characteristics of soil and vegetation during natural restoration process in abandoned quarry

作　　者：宋百敏 刘建[3] 张玉虎 王仁卿[2,5] SONG Bai-min;LIU Jian;ZHANG Yu-hu;WANG Ren-qing(Teaching and Research Institute,Education Management Services Center of Shengli Dongying,Dongying 257091,Shandong,China;School of Life Sciences,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China;Environmental Research Institute,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,Beijing,China;Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]东营市胜利教育管理服务中心教研室,山东东营257091 [2]山东大学生命科学学院,山东青岛266237 [3]山东大学环境研究院,山东青岛266237 [4]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [5]山东省植被生态示范工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《山东大学学报（理学版）》2022年第1期8-19,共12页Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：教育部博士点基金资助项目(20030422030)。

摘　　要：用空间代替时间的生态学研究方法,对北京市门头沟区妙峰山镇自然恢复1、5、15、32年等4个不同演替阶段的废弃采石场和一个未受采石影响且自然恢复大于50年的对照样地的土壤理化性质、植物群落物种组成、群落特征及其与土壤性状之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明,在自然恢复初期,土壤肥力极低,严重缺乏氮素和有机质;植物物种组成简单,主要为牛筋草(Eleusine indica)和画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)。随着生态恢复的进行,土壤有机质不断积累,土壤养分呈增多趋势,土壤粒径、土壤容重逐渐减小,土壤物理化学性状逐渐得到改善。自然恢复过程中,群落优势物种演替缓慢,在自然恢复5、15年的样地中,优势物种都是虎尾草(Chloris virgata)和狗尾草(Setaria viridis),直到32年时,优势物种才被灌木荆条(Vitex negundo var.heterophylla)、荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)和多年生中华隐子草(Cleistogenes chinensis)所代替,这与自然恢复大于50年对照样地中的优势物种情况基本一致。Jaccard系数表明,恢复32年的样地与对照样地相比已达到中等相似水平。自然恢复过程中,植被总盖度和地上生物量总体呈增大趋势,物种多样性、物种丰富度先逐渐增加,到32年后才保持相对稳定。在生态恢复过程中,土壤理化性状的变化与群落结构动态相对应。本研究表明,自然生态恢复的过程是土壤-植被系统协同演化的过程,北京西山废弃采石场可以依靠自然力恢复到对照样地状态,但过程较为缓慢,要加快生态恢复的进程,需适当予以人工辅助。Adopted the method of the space series to represent the time series,soil physical and chemical properties,plant community species composition,community characteristics and their relationships with soil properties were comparative analyzed at four different successional stages of typical abandoned quarries in Miaofengshan,Beijing,including 1,5,15,32-year and one control plot without quarrying influence at least more than 50 years.The results showed that at the initial stage of natural recovery,soil fertility was extremely low and there was a serious lack of total N and organic matter.The plant species composition was simple,mainly contain Eleusine indica and Eragrostis pilosa.With the process of natural ecological restoration,soil physical and chemical properties gradually improved.Soil organic matter continuously accumulated and soil nutrients showed an increasing trend.Soil particle size and soil bulk density decreased gradually.From the view of dominance,at different succession stages,the dominant species in community continuously changed slowly and the replacement of dominant species was obvious.At 5 years and 15 years plots,Chloris virgata and Setaria viridis were the same dominant species.As succession proceeded to 32 years,the dominant species in community were replaced by shrub(Vitex negundo var.heterophylla),Arthraxon hispidus and Cleistogenes chinensis which were similar to the dominant species in the control plots over 50 years.Jaccard coefficient indicated that the community similarity in 32-year plots have reached a moderately similar level compared to that of in the control plots.With the process of community succession,the total vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass exhibited increasing trends,and the species diversity and richness of species gradually increased and then remained relatively stable after 32 years of succession.In the process of natural ecological restoration,the changes of soil physical and chemical properties correspond to the dynamics of community structure.Our study showed t

关 键 词：自然恢复 土壤理化性质 植被特征 废弃采石场 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]