气候系统和全球变暖——解读2021年诺贝尔物理奖  

The Climate System and Global Warming Reading of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics

作　　者：胡永云[1] HU Yong-yun(Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系,北京100817

出　　处：《大学物理》2022年第2期1-6,57,共7页College Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41888101)资助。

摘　　要：2021年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了两位气候学家和一位理论物理学家,以表彰他们在“理解复杂物理系统领域所做出的开创性贡献”.相信很多人会感到惊讶,为什么诺贝尔物理学奖授予了两位气候学家.本文将从以下几方面给予解读:为什么气候系统被称为复杂的物理系统,全球变暖的现状和未来,全球变暖的物理基础和科学简史,两位气候学家是如何基于基础物理理论建立了预测全球变暖的模型,以及检测和归因人类活动导致全球变暖的方法.The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to two climatologists and a theoretical physicist“for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems”.Many of us would be surprised why two climatologists win the Nobel Prize in Physics.Here I present you my reading of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics,by addressing the following aspects:why is the climate system is called a complex physical system?The global greenhouse warming in the past century and possible future warming.The physical basis and brief history of global greenhouse warming.What are the contributions of the two climatologists,based on physical principles,to modeling of Earth climate,quantifying climate variability,reliably predicting global warming,and detecting and attributing global warming to anthropogenic activity.

关 键 词：2021诺贝尔物理学奖 全球变暖 气候系统 辐射与对流 检测与归因 

分 类 号：O4-1[理学—物理]