20种鸢尾属植物种子休眠与萌发响应机制研究  

Response Mechanism of Seed Dormancy and Germination in 20 Species of Iris Plants

作　　者：朱莹[1,2] 宋华 张琮琦[1,2] 邓莲 安晖 张蕾[1,2] ZHU Ying;SONG Hua;ZHANG Congqi;DENG Lian;AN Hui;ZHANG Lei(Beijing Botanical Garden,Beijing 100093,China;Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市植物园,北京100093 [2]北京市花卉园艺工程技术研究中心,北京100093

出　　处：《种子》2022年第1期26-37,共12页Seed

基　　金：北京市公园管理中心科技项目“抗旱鸢尾优良品种的培育与评价”(编号zx2019010)。

摘　　要：为探讨鸢尾属植物种子的休眠与萌发特性,以20种鸢尾属植物种子为试验材料,研究两组(冷层积0 d、冷层积60 d)8个温度处理(30℃、25℃、20℃、15℃、30℃/20℃、25℃/15℃、20℃/10℃、15℃/8℃)下的种子萌发时间进程、萌发率与校正的萌发速率指数。结果表明,鸢尾属植物种子休眠与萌发特性种间差异较大,在供试的20种鸢尾中,9个种的种子30 d内萌发率大于80%,种子非休眠。11个种的种子30 d内萌发率小于80%,种子休眠类型和休眠深浅程度不一。山鸢尾、金脉鸢尾、西南鸢尾和燕子花为生理休眠。暖层积能打破矮鸢尾和囊花鸢尾的休眠,冷层积60 d能打破山鸢尾、西南鸢尾、金脉鸢尾和燕子花的休眠。冷层积60 d能提高绝大部分非休眠鸢尾属植物种子的萌发速率,但降低了鸢尾这个种的萌发速率。16种非休眠和具有中浅度休眠的鸢尾属植物中,5个种不适宜冷层积60 d,最适萌发温度分别为25℃、20℃或25℃/15℃,11个种适宜冷层积60 d,最适萌发温度分别为30℃/20℃、25℃/15℃、20℃/10℃、25℃或20℃。不同的种有其最适宜的特定温度,25℃/15℃是一个适宜绝大多数鸢尾属植物种子萌发的温度。To investigate the seed dormancy and seed germination characteristics of Iris plants,the seeds from 20 species of Iris plants were used as experimental materials to study time progression of seed germination,germination rate and corrected germination rate index under Eight temperature treatments(30℃,25℃,20℃,15℃,30℃/20℃,25℃/15℃,20℃/10℃,15℃/8℃)were studied in two groups(cold stratification for 0 d and 60 d respectively.The results showed that seed dormancy and germination characteristics of Iris plants were significantly different among species.Among the 20 species tested,the seed germination rate of 9 species was greater than 80%within 30 days,and the seeds were not dormancy.Also,the seed germination rate of 11 species was less than 80%within 30 days,and the seed dormancy was different in type and depth.The physiological dormancy was observed in Iris setosa,Iris chrysographes,Iris bulleyana and Iris laevigata.Warm stratification could break the dormancy of Iris kobayashii and Iris ventricosa,while cold stratification for 60 days could break the dormancy of I.setosa,I.bulleyana,I.chrysographes and I.laevigata.Cold stratification for 60 days could increase the seed germination rate of most non-dormant Iris plants,but decrease the seed germination rate of Iris species.Among the 16 non-dormancy and medium-light dormancy species of Iris,5 species were not suitable for cold stratification for 60 d,and the optimal germination temperatures were 25℃,20℃or 25℃/15℃,respectively,and 11 species were suitable for cold stratification for 60d.The optimum germination temperatures were 30℃/20℃,25℃/15℃,20℃/10℃,25℃or 20℃,respectively.Different species had their best specific temperature,and 25℃/15℃was a suitable temperature for seed germination of most Iris plants.

关 键 词：鸢尾 休眠 冷层积 萌发进程 萌发速率指数 

分 类 号：S682.19[农业科学—观赏园艺]