泰安市儿童青少年近视流行现状及影响因素  

Prevalence of myopia and influencing factors among children and adolescents in Taian

作　　者：樊爱平[1] 赵爱华[1] 陆华[1] 马德珍[1] 梁晓亮 范培军 张军[4] 张洋洋 FAN Ai-ping;ZHAO Ai-hua;LU Hua;MA De-zhen;LIANG Xiao-liang;FAN Pei-jun;ZHANG jun;ZHANG Yang-yang(Taian Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Taian 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市疾病预防控制中心,山东泰安271000 [2]岱岳区疾病预防控制中心 [3]新泰市疾病预防控制中心 [4]宁阳县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国校医》2021年第12期881-884,887,共5页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的分析泰安市儿童青少年近视流行现状及其可能的影响因素,为近视防控提供科学依据。方法2019年10月采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,在泰安市25所学校(幼儿园)抽取4~19岁儿童青少年,进行远视力检查和非睫状肌麻痹条件下的屈光检测,并对四年级及以上的中小学生开展近视影响因素问卷调查。结果泰安市7524名儿童青少年总体近视患病率为60.2%,5岁组、6岁组、小学、初中、高中和职高学生近视患病率分别为11.7%、14.0%、38.3%、82.3%、91.4%和74.4%。多因素分析显示,性别为女(OR=1.583,95%CI:1.374~1.825,P<0.001)、年级增加(OR=1.062,95%CI:1.052~1.072,P<0.001)、每天作业时长达2~3小时(OR=1.320,95%CI:1.067~1.633,P=0.010)、经常躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕(OR=1.354,95%CI:1.094~1.676,P=0.005)是本地学生近视患病的危险因素,而在校能够每天做2~3次眼保健操(OR=0.776,95%CI:0.663~0.909,P=0.002)、2周调换1次座位(OR=0.631,95%CI:0.467~0.853,P=0.003)、每周能上2次体育课(OR=0.639,95%CI:0.423~0.967,P=0.034)、课间休息到户外活动(OR=0.699,95%CI:0.584~0.837,P<0.001)则是近视的保护因素。结论泰安市儿童青少年近视患病率呈现低龄、高发、进展迅速的特点,期望通过切实减轻课业负担、改变不良用眼习惯、加强校内眼保护措施来实现近视控制。ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of myopia and its possible influencing factors,so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents in Tai’an City.MethodsThe children and adolescents aged 4-19 years were selected from 25 schools/kindergartens in Tai’an City by the multi-stage cluster random sampling method in October,2019.The distant vision screening and refraction test under the condition of non-cycloplegia were conducted.The students of the fourth grade of primary school and above participated in the questionnaire survey on the influencing factors of myopia.ResultsThe total prevalence of myopia was 60.2%among 7524 children and adolescents in Tai’an City.The prevalence of myopia was 11.7%in the 5-year-old group,14.0%in 6-year-old group,38.3%in primary school students,82.3%in junior school students,91.4%in high school,and 74.4%in vocational school students,respectively.The multivariate analysis showed that female(OR=1.583,95%CI:1.374-1.825,P<0.001),grade increasing(OR=1.062,95%CI:1.052-1.072,P=0.000),2-3 hours of daily homework(OR=1.320,95%CI:1.067-1.633,P=0.010),and lying down reading books or watching electronic products(OR=1.354,95%CI:1.094-1.676,P=0.005)were risk factors for myopia.Being able to do eye exercises 2-3 times a day(OR=0.776,95%CI:0.663-0.909,P=0.002),changing seats once every 2 weeks(OR=0.631,95%CI:0.467-0.853,P=0.00),having physical education twice a week(OR=0.639,95%CI:0.423-0.967,P=0.034),and taking outdoor activities during recess(OR=0.699,95%CI:0.584-0.837,P<0.001)were protective factors for myopia.ConclusionThe prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Tai’an City was characterized by low age,high incidence and rapid progress.It is expected to decrease the occurrence of myopia by effectively and strengthening eye protection measures in schools.

关 键 词：近视 患病率 影响因素 视力不良 儿童青少年 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]