基于高阶统计量的砂泥岩薄互层油气检测方法  

A method of detecting oil and gas in the thin interbedded layer of sandmudstone based on high-order statistics

作　　者：陈伟[1,2] 刘威 CHEN Wei;LIU Wei(Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources,Ministry of Education(Yangtze University),Wuhan 430100,Hubei;School of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室(长江大学),湖北武汉430100 [2]长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院,湖北武汉430100

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期32-43,共12页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于经验模态分解的自由表面多次波衰减方法研究”(41804140)。

摘　　要：砂泥岩薄互层储层研究是国内外各油田的重要研究课题,其中薄层的检测受限于测不准原理的影响,导致实际地震资料很难辨别5m以下的储层,且相应的油气检测方法多是以理论模型为基础的数值模拟,这些模型存在过于理想化、参数单一、入射条件特殊等不足,影响了研究结果的普遍性。通过制作和观测砂泥岩薄互层地震物理模型,模拟野外二维地震资料采集,并对采集得到的地震资料开展了速度分析、叠加、偏移等常规地震处理,获取到叠后地震剖面;基于高阶统计量技术对获取到的叠后剖面开展油气检测研究,分析了厚度为5m左右的薄互层中含有不同流体(气、水和油)时的高阶统计量及高阶时频谱上的差异。研究结果表明,含气薄互层与含水薄互层和含油薄互层存在明显的地震响应差异;三阶矩是区分含水与含油薄互层的关键统计量,其他高阶统计量无法区分这两者的差异。研究结果为砂泥岩薄互层油气检测及其相应的地震资料解释提供了物理模拟实验基础,也为实际砂泥岩薄互层储层油气检测提供了理论依据。The study of thin interbedded reservoirs of sand mudstone is an important research topic in various oilfields all over the world.The detection of the thin interbedded layers is limited by the influence of the uncertainty principle,which makes it difficult to distinguish reservoirs below 5m using field seismic data.The corresponding oil and gasdetection methods are mostly numerical simulations based on theoretical models.These models have shortcomings such as excessive idealization,single parameters,and special incident conditions,which affect the universality of the research results.By making and observing the seismic physical model of the thin interbedded layer of sand mudstone,the acquisition of the field two-dimensional seismic data was simulated,and the conventional seismic processing such as velocity analysis,stacking and migration was carried out on the acquired seismic data to obtain the post-stack seismic profile.Furthermore,based on the high-order statistics technology,the oil and gas detection research was carried out on the obtained post-stack profile,and the differences in high-order statistics and high-order time spectrum were analyzed when different fluids(gas,water and oil)were contained in the thin interbedded layer with a thickness of about 5m.The research results show that the seismic response of gas-bearing thin interbedded layer is obviously different from that of water-bearing thin interbedded layer and oil-bearing thin interbedded layer.The third-order moment is the key statistic for distinguishing water-bearing and oil-bearing thin interbedded layers,while other high-order statistics cannotdistinguish their difference.The research not only provides a physical simulation experimental basis for oil and gasdetection of thin interbedded layer of sand mudstone and the corresponding seismic data interpretation,but also provides a theoretical basis for the actual oil and gas detection of thin interbedded reservoirs of sand mudstone.

关 键 词：油气检测 砂泥岩薄互层 物理模型 三阶矩 地震解释 隐蔽油气藏 

分 类 号：P631.44[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]