19世纪上半期埃及政治与宗教关系的历史流变  

The Historical Evolution of the Relationship between Egyptian Secular Regime and Islamic Forces in the First Half of the 19th Century

作　　者：王泰[1] Wang Tai

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学世界历史研究所,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2021年第4期92-106,118,共16页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“构建中国特色中东史学科”三大体系“问题研究”(编号:21XSS006);国家社科基金重大项目“伊斯兰教视域下的宗教对话资料整理与研究”(编号:18ZDA234);国家社科基金一般项目“近代以来埃及宗教与政治关系的历史考察”(编号:13BSS004);内蒙古自治区“世界史学科提档升级”建设项目。

摘　　要：19世纪上半期,先是拿破仑入侵埃及,继而穆罕默德.阿里在埃及建立政权,埃及的政教关系进入新的发展阶段,也是伊斯兰宗教势力愈加式微的转型时期。拿破仑入侵埃及,对埃及传统宗教势力实施了既利用又打击的双重政策,并且把西方世俗文化首先带给埃及。穆罕默德•阿里的改革带有鲜明的西方化和世俗化特点,但他的政权建立、巩固乃至发展及其后的军事扩张都需要伊斯兰势力的支持。阿里政权终究是世俗政权,废除埃及传统的包税制度和重新分配土地、实施具有浓厚世俗色彩的文化教育改革以及军事打压瓦哈比派和对奥斯曼哈里发的战争,均显示出埃及的伊斯兰政治势力进一步被弱化。In the first half of the 19th century,with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and the establishment of Muhammad Ali's dynasty,the relationship of Egypt's secular regime and Islamic forces entered a new development stage,which was also a transition period in which Islamic religious forces were more declining.After Napoleon invaded Egypt,he implemented a dual policy of both using and attacking the traditional religious forces in Egypt,and brought the Western secular culture into Egypt for the first time.Muhammad Ali's reform had distinctive characteristics of westernization and secularization,but the establishment,consolidation and development of his power and its subsequent military expansion need the support of Islamic forces in Egypt.However,Ali’s regime is a secular regime after all.Through the abolition of Egypt's traditional tax system,the re-establishment of the land system,the implementation of cultural and educational reform with strong secular effects,as well as the military suppression of Wahhabi and the war against the Ottoman Caliph,the Islamic political forces in Egypt had been further weakened.

关 键 词：近代埃及 世俗政权 宗教政治 政教关系 

分 类 号：D741.1[政治法律—政治学]