凝胶材料在文物表面污渍去除中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Gel Materials for the Removal of Stains on Cultural Relics Surface

作　　者：牛贺强[1,2,3] 武发思 王丽琴[4] 樊再轩 NIU He-Qiang;WU Fa-Si;WANG Li-Qin;FAN Zai-Xuan(National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200,China;Key Scientific Research Base for Conservation of Ancient Murals of SACH,Dunhuang 736200,China;Gansu Dunhuang Cultural Relics Conservation and Research Center,Dunhuang 736200,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,敦煌736200 [2]古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地,敦煌736200 [3]甘肃省敦煌文物保护研究中心,敦煌736200 [4]西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,西安710069

出　　处：《应用化学》2021年第11期1441-1453,共13页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.32060258,31500430);甘肃省文物局课题(No.GWJ201806)资助。

摘　　要：凝胶材料因在文物表面污渍去除方面清洁效果良好备受保护修复工作者关注。本文比较分析了文物表面污渍传统清洁方法,概括性阐述经典凝胶材料、凝胶材料研究进展和当前存在的问题、创新凝胶的研发及其未来发展趋势。得出了限制凝胶材料在绘画、壁画和油画等类型文物清洁中广泛应用的主要原因,即种类不足、性能和应用效果长期性监测的缺乏,以及清洁效率和深度不佳。为凝胶材料今后在文物保护中的研究发展和推广应用提供重要参考。Gel materials have been well concerned by conservationists because of its good cleaning effect on the surface of cultural relics.The traditional cleaning methods of surface stains on cultural relics are compared and analyzed.The research progress and existing problems of classical gel materials,and existing problems of gel materials,research and development of innovative gels and their future development trends are outlined.The main reasons for restricting the wide application of gel materials in painting,mural and oil painting,such as the lack of species,the lack of long-term monitoring of performance and application effect,and the poor efficiency and depth of cleaning are obtained,providing important references for the research,development and application of gel materials in the conservation of cultural relics in the future.

关 键 词：凝胶材料 文物保护 清洁效果 清洁去污 

分 类 号：O648.1[理学—物理化学]