一种新解读:论法家学说的政治视角与法治视角  

A New Interpretation on the Political and Legal Perspectives of Legalist Theory

作　　者：宋洪兵[1,2] SONG Hongbing(School of Chinese Classics,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院 [2]中国历史研究院韩东育工作室

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2022年第1期67-81,共15页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“法家政治原理研究”(20FZXB021)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：法家学说是一种古典形态的政治思想体系,法治思想是其政治学说的重要组成部分。政治与法治分属不同场域,并非以任何一端覆盖另外一端的关系。法治不及以及法治脆弱之处,便是政治活跃的地方;法治主常,政治主变。法家学说明确区分了以"君"的"术""势"为核心的政治与以"法"为核心的法治,两者是并行不悖的关系。法家并不寻求以法治完全约束君权,但始终强调君权不得干预法治之公正落实。政治之隐蔽与诡诈,同时伴随着法治之公正与光明,构成人类政治的黑白两面,缺一不可。这不是某种伦理立场或道德倾向所能改变的,这是人类政治的宿命。法家企图通过新君主来缔造法治理想国的理论设想,无法实现。他们的悲剧命运带有历史必然性。The rule of law is a key factor in Legalism,a traditional Chinese political thought.Politics and the rule of law are different.In the area where the rule of law illy applies,politics thrives.The rule of law promotes regularity,whereas politics advocates change.The Legalist school clearly distinguishes politics(in which the ruler carries out his political maneuvers and positional power)from the rule of law emphasizing its efficacy.Politics and the rule of law coexist without interfering with each other.Legalists do not intend to completely restrain the ruler's authority by using the rule of law.What they try to prevent the ruler from doing is his interference with the implementation of law.The dark side of politics accompanies the bright side of law,and they form the two sides of the same coin.This situation cannot be changed in terms of ethical position or moral inclination;it is the destiny of politics.Legalists can never rely on a new type of ruler to create an ideal state ruled by laws.

关 键 词：法家 政治 法治 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]