风俗与民俗:中国现代民俗学的史学根性和民族性  

Custom and Folkway:The Historical Nature and Ethnic Characteristics of Modern Chinese Folklore

作　　者：岳永逸 YUE Yongyi(School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会与人口学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2022年第1期171-182,共12页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：中国人民大学重大规划项目“中国特色社会学的历史演进与内在逻辑”、中国人民大学“双一流”跨学科重大创新规划平台“铸牢中华民族共同体意识跨学科交叉平台”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：受顾炎武风俗观影响,晚清新史学的"民史"观赋予古语"风俗"以新意,有了民族性的内涵。以俗观史、以俗证史、以俗写史,成为邓实等人风俗著述的基本特征。同时,受英文Folklore的影响,古语"民俗"也有了新意。作为五四新文学运动的助产士,更多指陈民间文学的"民俗"同样有了民族性的意涵。在20世纪前30年,中国现代民俗学运动出现了风俗与民俗的混用,最终民俗胜出。然而,在社会科学化的民俗学全面莅临之际,史学一直是中国现代民俗学运动的根性。因民族性而衍生的国家属性使中国民俗学有了独特的轨迹和品性。Influenced by Ku Yenwu's view on custom,the perspective of"common people's history"in the late Qing historical study redefined the old term folkway with a tint of nationalism.Viewing and writing history in the context of custom features the works of the time(such as Deng Shi's).Around the same time,the old term folkway also received a certain new meaning under the influence of the English term folklore.As an important force of the New Cultural Movement,the study of folkways,which often refers to folk literature,inevitably conveyed the sense of nationalism characterizing the New Cultural Movement.In the first three decades of the twentieth century,modern Chinese folklore study witnessed how the word folkway became more and more popular in writing after a period of mixed usage of both custom and folkway in the same context.However,even when a social,scientific folklore study began to be fully developed,modern Chinese folklore study was still historically and ethnically oriented.

关 键 词：风俗 民俗 礼俗 新史学 民族性 文化主体性 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学]