山西沁县方言古来母[i]韵字读卷舌元音的现象  

The phenomenon of Middle Chinese lai(来)group initials with a[i]final being pronounced as retroflex in the Shanxi Qinxian dialect

作　　者：陈荣泽[1] CHEN Rongze

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学文学院,咸阳

出　　处：《中国语文》2022年第1期72-78,127,共8页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：西藏民族大学“藏秦喜马拉雅人才发展支持计划·杰出青年学者”资助。

摘　　要：山西沁县方言古来母[i]韵字读卷舌元音的现象颇具特色。古来母[i]韵字来自部分遇摄合口三等来母字和止摄开口三等来母字。部分遇合三来母字的白读音为[li],与止开三来母字合流,之后[i]在舌尖化之前就先行脱落,从而导致[l]成为自成音节的[■],后经过卷舌化的[■]阶段,最终演变为[■r],即[li]>[■]>[■>[■r]。在汉语北方方言止开三日母字读[■]/[■]的四种类型中,郑州、平顺、淄川三种类型的音变过程为[z]>[l]>[■]>[■],武乡型则为[z]>[l]>[■]。沁县方言中的卷舌元音是武乡型方言继续演变的结果,其音变过程是部分汉语北方方言形成卷舌元音的一条主要途径,在汉语方言[■r]音发展史中具有重要的类型学意义。Among the Shangdang Jin dialects,Qinxian dialect is characteristic as some Middle Chinese lai(来)group initials are pronounced as a retroflex when followed by a[i]final.This paper suggests that these lai initials with[i]final actually came from Middle Chinese lai initials with third division yix(遇)rhymes which contain a head vowel[u]or Middle Chinese lai initials with third division zhi(止)rhymes which contain a head vowel other than[i],[u]and[ü].Since the colloquial pronunciation of the former([li])converged with the latter,[i]dropped before apicalization,and the remaining[l]became a monosyllabic[■],which later changed into[■]after retroflexion and finally developed into[■r].Such a path of development([li]>[■]>[■]>[■r])presents a continuation of the Wuxiang type of sound change([z]>[l]>[■]),which is a major pattern of the formation of retroflex in northern Chinese dialects.The retroflexion of Middle Chinese lai initials when combined with a[i]final is of great typological significance in the formation of[■r]in the history of Chinese dialects.

关 键 词：沁县方言 古来母 [i]韵 卷舌元音 类型学意义 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语]