长碳链聚酰胺弹性体的制备及其低温力学性能  

Preparation and Low-temperature Mechanical Performance of Long Carbon-chain Polyamide Elastomer

作　　者：龚舜 陈向阳 李素圆 邓建平[1] 李玉才 吴鑫 冯新星 潘凯[1] Gong Shun;Chen Xiangyang;Li Suyuan;Deng Jianping;Li Yucai;Wu Xin;Feng Xinxing;Pan Kai(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;De Zhou Xinhuarun Technology Co.,LTD,Dezhou 253000,China;Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology of System Engineering Research Institute,PLA Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100029 [2]德州市鑫华润科技股份有限公司,山东德州253000 [3]军事科学院系统工程研究院军需工程技术研究所,北京100010

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2022年第2期27-32,38,共7页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新项目(2019JZZY020218)。

摘　　要：以十二碳二元胺、癸二酸、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为原料,通过熔融缩聚两步法制备了两种软段含量较高的长碳链聚酰胺弹性体(LCPAE)。采用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱、核磁共振氢谱确认了LCPAE的化学结构,使用凝胶渗透色谱测试了LCPAE的分子量,通过差示扫描量热分析、热重分析探究了LCPAE的热性能,最后采用电子万能试验机、动态力学分析深入研究了LCPAE的常温以及低温力学性能。结果表明,LCPAE被成功合成并具有理想的分子量。LCPAE中存在由软硬段间热力学不相容性导致的微相分离结构,LCPAE的T_(5%)(降解5%质量时的温度)超过340℃,表现出优良的热稳定性,而且微相分离程度和热稳定性皆随硬段含量的增加而有所提升。所得LCPAE-2(十二碳二元胺与癸二酸的物质的量比为3∶4)表现出优良的常温力学性能和极为优异的耐低温性能,在–55℃时,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的损失率分别仅为9.7%和11.5%。Two long carbon-chain polyamide elastomers(LCPAE)with high soft-segment content were prepared by using dodecane diamine,sebacic acid,and polytetramethylene ether glycol through a two-step melt polycondensation method.The chemical structure of LCPAE was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ^(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance,the molecular weight of LCPAE was tested by gel permeation chromatography,the thermal performance of LCPAE was explored by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.Finally,the electronic universal testing machine and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to further study the normal temperature and low-temperature mechanical properties of LCPAE.The results show that LCPAE is successfully synthesized and has an ideal molecular weight.There is a microphase-separation structure in LCPAE caused by the thermodynamic incompatibility between the soft and hard segments.The T_(5%)(the temperature when 5%mass is degraded)of LCPAE exceeds 340℃,showing good thermal stability,and the degree of microphase separation and thermal stability both increase with the increase of the hard-segment content.The obtained LCPAE-2(the molar ratio of the dodecane diamine to sebacic acid is 3∶4)exhibits excellent room-temperature mechanical properties and extremely brilliant low-temperature resistance.At–55℃,the loss rates of tensile strength and elongation at break are only 9.7%and 11.5%respectively.

关 键 词：长碳链聚酰胺弹性体 结构表征 性能研究 低温力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ317.3[化学工程—高聚物工业]