从《歧路灯》看河南话中的“看”字用法  

The Usages of“Kan(看)”in the Henan Dialect from QiLuDeng(《歧路灯》)

作　　者：徐玮琳 Xu Weilin(Beijing Literature Language and Culture Inheritance Research Base,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学北京文献语言与文化传承研究基地,北京100083

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第1期31-36,共6页Modern Chinese

基　　金：北京语言大学研究生创新基金项目暨中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“近代汉语程度补语的历时演变研究”(21YCX019)。

摘　　要：《歧路灯》中的“看”字主要有六种用法:“看”字叠用,“X+看”“XX+看”“看+X”,“看+N”,“看+了”“看+着”“看+是”“看+得(的)”,“看+V+N”“看+句子”,“看”字单独使用等。在现代河南话中,“看”字基本沿袭了清代的用法,并进一步虚化出无实际意义,仅表示某种提醒或责备语气的用法。从历时演变方面考察,“看”字在先秦两汉时期用例较少;汉代以后,用例逐渐增多,出现了“看+X”和“X+看”等连动结构;近代以后,“看”字的使用更加频繁,出现了“看”字叠用作副词,以及“看”字用于句首表示某种提醒或否定语气等用法。就整个演化进程而言,“看”的虚化程度体现出从弱到强的发展趋势。There are six main usages of“kan(看)”in QiLuDeng(《歧路灯》):the word“kan(看)”is used repeatedly,“X+kan(看)”“XX+kan(看)”“kan(看)+X”,“kan(看)+N”,“kan(看)+le(了)”“kan(看)+zhe(着)”“kan(看)+shi(是)”“kan(看)+de(得)”,“kan(看)+V+N”“kan(看)+sentence”,“kan(看)”is used alone.Modern Henan dialect follows the usages of“kan(看)”in the Qing Dynasty.The word“kan(看)”is further blurred and has no practical meaning,and it merely expresses a certain reminder or blame.In terms of diachronic evolution,the“kan(看)”was used less frequently in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties.After the Han dynasty,the use cases gradually increased,and the linkage structure of“kan(看)+X”and“X+kan(看)”appeared.In modern times,the usages of“Kan(看)”became more frequent.There are usages of“kan(看)”as an adverb,and“kan(看)”at the beginning of a sentence to indicate a certain reminder or negative tone.The degree of blur is from weak to strong.

关 键 词：《歧路灯》 “看” 河南话 历时演变 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]