饥饿对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮和生长的影响  

Effects of starvation on molting and growth of the megalopae and first juvenile crab of Scylla paramamosain

作　　者：胡伟胜 马春艳[2] 马凌波[2] 张凤英[2] 刘志强 赵明[1,2] 王伟[2] HU Weisheng;MA Chunyan;MA Lingbo;ZHANG Fengying;LIU Zhiqiang;ZHAO Ming;WANG Wei(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,College of Fishery and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Laboratory of Genetics,Breeding and Biotechnology,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所遗传育种与生物技术实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2022年第1期54-66,共13页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：上海市农委“科技兴农”项目(2018-02-08-00-07-F01550);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(No.2020TD28);国家虾蟹产业技术体系建设-虾蟹(CARS-48)。

摘　　要：为了给拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)苗种培育过程中饵料的合理投喂提供基础理论数据,采用投喂-饥饿和饥饿-投喂的处理方式对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹分别开展营养储存饱和点实验(PRS)和不可恢复点实验(PNR),研究饥饿对大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮和生长的影响。结果显示,大眼幼体的PRS实验中,投喂时间≤2 d时,大眼幼体的蜕皮率为0;投喂时间≥4 d时,大眼幼体的蜕皮率和发育时间与连续投喂组(F组)无显著性差异;但投喂4 d-饥饿组(F4S组)大眼幼体蜕皮后Ⅰ期仔蟹的增重率和个体大小均显著小于F组(P<0.05)。大眼幼体的PNR实验中,饥饿2 d时大眼幼体的存活率仅为(30.00±13.23)%。Ⅰ期仔蟹的PRS实验中,连续饥饿组(S组)Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率为0,而投喂2 d-饥饿组(F2S组)、投喂3 d-饥饿组(F3S组)和F组3组Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率均无显著性差异。投喂1 d-饥饿组(F1S组)和F2S组Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的增重率和个体大小均显著小于F组(P<0.05),且F1S组Ⅰ期仔蟹的发育时间显著延长(P<0.05)。Ⅰ期仔蟹的PNR实验中,除饥饿1 d-投喂组(S1F组)外,F组Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);各组Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的增重率与饥饿时间呈负相关,而发育时间却与饥饿时间呈正相关;饥饿时间≥2 d时,Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的个体大小明显变小。拟合分析结果显示,大眼幼体的PRS;值是3.57 d,Ⅰ期仔蟹的PRS;和PNR;值分别是0.90 d和2.01 d。研究结果表明,新蜕皮的大眼幼体必须给予充足的饵料才可确保高的存活率,大眼幼体投喂6 d后可以适当减少投喂量,短期饥饿对Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕壳和生长的影响相对较小,Ⅰ期仔蟹的耐饥饿能力强于大眼幼体。In the actual production process of shrimp and crab seedlings,too little or too much feeding will lead to the decrease of survival rate and growth rate,and the delay of molting.Therefore,establishing a reasonable feeding strategy is very important to improve the yield of shrimp and crab seedlings.This paper studied the effects of starvation on the molting and growth of the megalopae and first juvenile crab,to provide basic theoretical data for the reasonable establishment of feeding strategies in the breeding process of Scylla paramamosain.In this study,the megalopae and first juvenile crab of Scylla paramamosain were used as experimental subjects.The treatment methods of feeding-starvation and starvation-feeding were used to carry out the point of reserve saturation experiment(PRS)and point of no return experiment(PNR),respectively,to analyze the effects of different starvation treatments on the molting rate of the megalopae or first juvenile crab and the weight gain rate and body size of newly molted first juvenile and second juvenile crab.Results showed that in PRS experiment of the megalopae,the molting rate of the megalopae in groups S and S2 F was 0,and there was no significant difference in metamorphosis rate and development time of the megalopae among groups F4 S,F6 S and F.However,the weight gain rate,carapace length and carapace width of newly molted first juvenile crab in group F4 S were significantly lower than those in groups F6 S and F(P<0.05).In PNR experiment of the megalopae,the survival rate of megalopae was(30.00±13.23)%when megalopae starved for two days.In PRS experiment of first juvenile crab,the molting rate of first juvenile crab in group S was 0.Except for group F1 S,there was no significant difference in the molting rate among groups F2 S,F3 S and F.The weight gain rate of newly molted second juvenile crab in each group showed a decreasing trend with the extension of starvation time.The carapace length and carapace width of newly molted second juvenile crab in groups F1 S and F2 S was s

关 键 词：饥饿 拟穴青蟹 大眼幼体 Ⅰ期仔蟹 蜕皮 生长 

分 类 号：S968.1[农业科学—水产养殖]