听觉神经系统中的髓鞘相关病理和可塑性机制研究进展  

A Review on Research Progress on Myelin-related Pathologies and Mechanisms of Neuroplasticity in the Auditory Nervous System

作　　者：张玮洵 袁雅生 ZHANG Weixun;YUAN Yasheng(ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Eye&ENT Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,200031,China;NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine(Fudan University),Shanghai,200031,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科,上海200031 [2]国家卫生健康委员会听觉医学重点实验室,上海200031

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2022年第1期155-159,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：“科技创新行动计划”“一带一路”国际合作项目(20410740600);促进市级医院临床技能与临床创新能力三年行动计划(SHDC2020CR1049B)。

摘　　要：髓鞘是高等脊椎动物中实现快速、精准神经信号传递的重要结构,是形成和维持神经元网络之间快速、协调交流的关键组成部分,其对于听觉神经功能的正常运行起到了重要作用。近些年来,学术界越来越意识到,髓鞘的动态变化是听觉神经元系统病理和可塑性机制中重要环节。本文旨在通过回顾中枢和周围听觉系统中的髓鞘相关病理机制,同时综述听觉活动、脑源性神经营养因子BDNF、ERK1/2信号通路、髓鞘相关抑制因子Nogo-A等因素与听觉神经系统髓鞘可塑性之间的关系。The myelin sheath is an important neural structure for fast and precise signals transmission in higher vertebrates,which is a crucial component for forming and maintaining fast and coordinated communication between neural networks.It plays a major role in the normal operation of the auditory nervous system.In recent years,it is becoming increasingly clear to researchers that dynamic changes of myelin are an important point in the pathogenesis and plasticity of the auditory nervous system.This article aims to review myelin-related pathological mechanisms in both central and peripheral auditory systems,and the relationship between myelin plasticity and auditory activities,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),ERK1/2 signaling pathway,and myelin-related inhibitor Nogo-A.

关 键 词：髓鞘 听觉神经系统 病理 可塑性 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]