肱骨小头背侧撕脱性骨折合并肘关节内侧或后内侧脱位的临床治疗  

Clinical treatment of dorsal avulsion fracture of the capitellum combined with medial or posterior medial dislocation of the elbow joint

作　　者：罗浩[1,2] 朱勇 成亮[1,2] LUO Hao;ZHU Yong;CHENG Liang(Department of Orthopedics,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha Hunan,410008,P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital,Changsha Hunan,410008,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院骨科,长沙410008 [2]国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心(湘雅医院),长沙410008

出　　处：《中国修复重建外科杂志》2022年第2期149-154,共6页Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81902277);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30038);湘雅临床医疗大数据项目(xyyydsj9)。

摘　　要：目的分析肱骨小头背侧撕脱性骨折合并肘关节内侧或后内侧脱位的损伤机制,并探讨其治疗方法与预后。方法回顾分析2014年9月—2020年9月收治的4例肱骨小头背侧撕脱性骨折合并肘关节内侧或后内侧脱位患者临床资料。男3例,女1例;年龄13~32岁,平均20.7岁。肱骨小头背侧撕脱性骨折合并肘关节内侧脱位2例,肱骨小头背侧撕脱性骨折+冠突前内侧面骨折合并肘关节后内侧半脱位2例。3例新鲜骨折合并脱位患者先闭合复位,然后2例予以张力带固定,1例予以张力带结合Acumed冠突解剖钢板固定;1例陈旧性骨折不愈合患者先用螺钉固定冠突,再清除肱骨硬化骨块,最后修复外侧副韧带并添加铰链外固定架。结果所有患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及周围神经损伤等早期并发症。4例患者均获随访,随访时间13~30个月,平均20.8个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间为70~90 d,平均79.5 d。术后6个月,1例右肘关节后方可见异位骨化形成,患者ALP检测水平正常(67 U/L),拆除张力带清除异位骨化并行肘关节松解;其余患者均无异位骨化形成。末次随访时所有患者肘关节功能恢复良好,Mayo评分为85~100分,平均92.5分,优良率为100%。肘关节屈曲活动度为120°~135°、伸直活动度为10°~20°,旋前、旋后活动度均为75°~85°。结论肱骨小头背侧撕脱性骨折合并肘关节内侧或后内侧脱位可能为单纯内翻应力所致,如果伴冠突前内侧面骨折,则可能为肘关节内翻-后内侧旋转不稳定所致,与Osborne-Cotterill损伤机制相反。对于新鲜肱骨小头背侧撕脱性骨折可采用张力带固定,效果良好。Objective To analyze the possible injury mechanisms in patients with dorsal avulsion fracture of the capitellum combined with medial or posterior medial dislocation of the elbow joint, and to discuss their treatment and prognosis. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 4 patients with dorsal avulsion fracture of the capitellum combined with medial or posterior medial dislocation of the elbow joint admitted between September 2014 and September 2020, including 3 males and 1 female with an average age of 20.7 years(range, 13-32 years). There were2 cases of dorsal avulsion fracture of the capitellum combined with medial dislocation of the elbow joint and 2 cases of dorsal avulsion fracture of the capitellum and anterior medial fracture of the coronoid process combined with posterior medial subluxation of the elbow joint. Closed reduction was performed in 3 patients with fresh fracture combined with dislocation, then 2 cases were fixed with tension band and 1 case was fixed with tension band combined with Acumed coronoid anatomic plate. And in patient with old fracture nonunion, the coronoid process was fixed with 1 screw, then the humeral sclerotic bone mass was removed, and finally the lateral collateral ligament was repaired and a hinged external fixator was added. Results All the incisions healed by first intention without early complications such as infection or peripheral nerve injury. The 4 patients were followed up 13-30 months(mean, 20.8 months). The fractures all healed with a healing time of 70-90 days(mean, 79.5 days). At 6 months after operation, heterotopic ossification was seen in the posterior aspect of the right elbow joint in 1 case, and the alkaline phosphatase level was normal(67 U/L);the tension band was removed to clear the heterotopic ossification and the elbow joint was released. The rest of the patients had no heterotopic ossification. At last follow-up, all patients had good functional recovery of the elbow joint, with a Mayo score of 85-100(mean, 92.5), and the excel

关 键 词：肘关节脱位 肱骨小头背侧撕脱性骨折 损伤机制 Osborne-Cotterill损伤 

分 类 号：R687.3[医药卫生—骨科学]