沉船牺牲阳极保护数值模拟——以经远舰为例  

Numerical Simulation of Sacrificial Anode Protection for Shipwrecks:Take the Jingyuan as an Example

作　　者：席光兰 杜文 吴玉清[2,3] 王菊琳 XI Guang-lan;DU Wen;WU Yu-qing;WANG Ju-lin(National Centra for Archaeology, Beijing 100013, China;Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;Key Scientific Research Base of State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100029, China)

机构地区：[1]国家文物局考古研究中心,北京100013 [2]北京化工大学材料电化学过程与技术北京市重点实验室,北京100029 [3]文物保护领域科技评价研究国家文物局重点科研基地,北京100029

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2022年第5期1988-1994,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1522100)。

摘　　要：对经远舰牺牲阳极保护进行研究,获得不同数量铝合金牺牲阳极对沉船基体的保护效果,为经远舰沉船保护提供科学依据。测试沉船基体及铝合金牺牲阳极在模拟海水中的极化曲线,得到模拟计算所需参数。运用Comsol软件建立物理模型,设置边界条件,模拟计算沉船在海水中的阴极保护效果。根据不同数量牺牲阳极的沉船表面电位分布、局部电流密度及电极腐蚀速度,分析基体和牺牲阳极的腐蚀行为,得到牺牲阳极的使用寿命。结果表明:随着牺牲阳极数量减少,基体表面电位分布最低和最高电位同时减小,局部电流密度增大,阳极的腐蚀速率增大。当布置24块牺牲阳极时,基体局部电流密度和电极腐蚀速度最小,但表面最低电位超出标准保护电位范围,基体发生过保护;牺牲阳极数量减少到14块和12块时,基体表面电位分布在标准保护电位范围内;布置10块牺牲阳极时,表面最高电位不在标准范围内,基体处于欠保护。依据国家保护电位范围标准-0.95~-0.75 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)及牺牲阳极最长使用寿命,选择14块铝合金牺牲阳极作为沉船保护的最佳方案。The work aims to study the protective effect of sacrificial anode of aluminum alloy on the shipwrecks substrate,and to provide scientific basis for the protection of shipwrecks.The polarization curves of the shipwrecks substrate and aluminum alloy sacrificial anode in simulated seawater were measured and the parameters needed for simulation calculation were obtained.The physical model was established by using COMSOL software,the boundary conditions were set.The cathodic protection effect of the shipwrecks in seawater was simulated and calculated.According to the surface potential distribution,local current density and electrode corrosion velocity of different number of sacrificial anodes,the corrosion behavior of substrate and sacrificial anode were analyzed,and the working life of sacrificial anode was obtained.The results show that with the decrease of the number of sacrificial anodes,the lowest and highest potential on the surface decreases simultaneously,the local current density increases,and the corrosion rate of the anode increases.When 24 sacrificial anodes are arranged,the local current density and corrosion velocity of the substrate are the minimum,but the lowest surface potential is beyond the protection range,and the substrate is over protection.When the number of sacrificial anodes is reduced to 14 and 12,the potential distribution on the substrate surface meets the protection requirements.When 10 sacrificial anodes are arranged,the highest surface potential exceeds the protection range and the substrate is under protection.According to the national protection potential range standard-0.95~-0.75 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)and the longest working life of the sacrificial anode,14 aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes are selected as the best protection scheme for the shipwrecks.

关 键 词：沉船 牺牲阳极 数值模拟 电位分布 电流密度 使用寿命 

分 类 号：TQ150[化学工程—电化学工业]