超声检查在新生儿颈部异位甲状腺诊断中的应用  

Role of ultrasound in diagnosis of neonatal neck ectopic thyroid gland

作　　者：王丽梅 王莉[1] 吴青青[1] WANG Limei;WANG Li;WU Qingqing(Department of Ultrasound,Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100026,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院超声科,北京100026

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》2021年第12期732-734,共3页Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

摘　　要：目的总结超声检查对新生儿颈部异位甲状腺的诊断作用及其超声影像学表现。方法收集2018年1月~2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院经新生儿筛查后可疑为先天性甲状腺功能减低症的患儿进行颈部超声检查。检查时患儿仰卧位,头部充分后仰,使颈部尽量拉长,超声探头频率9~15 MHz。结果 96例可疑为先天性甲状腺功能减低症患儿经超声诊断为异位甲状腺17例(17.71%),共18个异位甲状腺肿块。超声检查9例(52.9%)异位甲状腺患儿颈前无甲状腺组织显示,有时甲状腺床可见小囊肿;8例(47.1%)患儿颈前可探及甲状腺组织回声,甲状腺组织回声多不均或增粗,可合并结节。异位甲状腺位于舌骨周围颏舌肌与颏舌骨肌之间软组织层内(55.6%)、舌根内(22.2%)及甲状软骨板周围(22.2%)。异位甲状腺肿块边界均清晰,上下径为(0.78±0.38)cm,左右径为(0.76±0.18)cm,前后径为(0.79±0.33)cm,平均体积为(0.25±0.09)cm;。彩色多普勒显示异位甲状腺肿块周边见环状血流,其中12个内部血流轻-中度增多。结论新生儿颈部异位甲状腺常见于舌骨周围、舌根内和甲状软骨周围。超声用于新生儿颈部异位甲状腺的定位准确可靠。OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of neonatal neck ectopic thyroid gland(ETG),and evaluate the value and ultrasound characteristics.METHODS The study population consisted of 96 newborns who were suspected congenital hypothyroidism(CH) in the neonatal screening.The heads were properly tilted back in the supine position,and the necks were fully exposed.The frequency of the ultrasonic probe was 9-15 MHz.RESULTS Among the 96 neonates with CH,17(10.31%) were diagnosed as ETG,eighteen foci were found.Ultrasonographic findings:in 9(52.9%) of the ETG cases,there were no echo of the normal thyroid position in front of trachea,small cysts in the normal thyroid area in front of the trachea or hypoechoic nodules in the thyroid gland can be found.While in the other 8(47.1%) cases,the echo of the thyroids was rough and higher than normal and the color Doppler showed the decrease of blood flow in the region.There were 5.56% of the ETG masses located among the genioglossus muscle and genioglossus muscle around hyoid bone,22.22% of the masses were located in tongue base,another 22.22% of the masses were located around the thyroid cartilage.Ultrasoud scan revealed that all the ETGs were hyperechoic solidmasses,which were well circumscribed.The superior-inferior diameter was (0.78±0.38)cm,the left-right diameter was (0.76±0.18)cm,and the anteroposterior diameter was (0.79±0.33)cm.The average volume was (0.25±0.09)cm;.Color Doppler flow imaging showed circular blood flow around the ETGs,with slight to moderate increase blood flow or rich blood flow.CONCLUSION Neck ectopic thyroid gland is often located around hyoid bone,tongue base and thyroid cartilage in neonate with congenital hypothyroidism.Ultrasound is safe and reliable in the diagnosis of the neck ectopic thyroid gland in neonates.

关 键 词：婴儿 新生 超声检查 诊断 颈 异位甲状腺 

分 类 号：R722.1[医药卫生—儿科]