干旱区露天煤矿复杂岩体爆破技术方案设计研究  

Design of blasting technology for complex rockmasses in the arid open pit coal mine

作　　者：陈亚军 蔺海洋 董法 周立云 白晓杰 CHEN Yajun;LIN Haiyang;DONG Fa;ZHOU Liyun;BAI Xiaojie(College of Mining Engineering and Geology,Xinjiang Institute of Engineering,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Xinjiang Beitashan Ranch Coal Mine,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China;Xinjiang Zhongyan Hengtai Blasting Engineering Co Ltd,Urumqi,Xinjiang 831500,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆工程学院矿业工程与地质学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆北塔山牧场煤矿,新疆昌吉831100 [3]新疆中岩恒泰爆破工程有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐831500

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2022年第1期200-205,共6页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2021I027)。

摘　　要：为了减小干旱区深凹露天煤矿在非均质复杂岩体赋存条件下深孔爆破所产生的岩体大块和爆堆不规整给采装、运输安全作业带来的影响及爆破飞石对采掘场内安全设施和设备带来的危害,提出了干旱区非均质复杂岩体爆破关键技术,即:针对不同复杂岩体破裂面构成形态,优选具有实现多段位逐孔毫秒微差、多种起爆单元形式组合和炮孔连接线可变的V型斜线毫秒微差起爆网路;优选确定爆破参数和毫秒微差间隔时间,根据复杂岩体赋存状况,采用三角形布孔、小药包不耦合装药的大区多排孔深孔爆破和逐孔毫秒微差起爆;增加岩体内爆破侧向自由面,增强反射拉伸波在爆破侧向自由面处对后爆孔岩体的径向拉应力作用,从岩体构造与爆破作用之间的关系揭示干旱区非均质复杂岩体破岩机理;选用低爆力工业炸药孔内多点瞬发起爆,减少爆炸应力波对岩壁的过度破碎而增加爆生气体的爆破作用时间使爆破效能持续有效。爆破实验结果表明,采用优化的爆破设计方案和关键技术,能较好解决非均质复杂岩体爆破难题,使爆破作用更加有效,爆破能量分配更加均匀,爆堆更加规整便于采装和运输。In order to reduce the impact of large rockmasses and irregular blasting piles caused by deep hole blasting on safe loading and transportation and the harm of blasting flying stones on safety facilities and equipment in the excavation site under the condition of occurrence of heterogeneous complex rockmasses in the deep hollow open pit coal mine in arid area,key blasting technology for heterogeneous complex rockmasses in the arid area was put forward:In view of fracture surface composition of different complex rockmasses,select the V-shaped oblique millisecond micro-difference initiation network with multi-stage millisecond micro-difference per hole,combination of various initiation units,and variable hole connection lines;Optimize and determine blasting parameters and millisecond micro-difference interval time.In view of occurrence condition of complex rockmasses,adopt multi-row hole deep hole blasting and millisecond micro-difference per hole initiation in large area with triangular hole layout and uncoupled charge of small charge;Add lateral free surface of blasting in the rockmass to enhance radial tensile stress of reflected tensile wave on the lateral free surface of blasting on post-perforated rockmass,and reveal rock-breaking mechanism of heterogeneous complex rockmasses in the arid area from the relationship between rockmass structure and blasting action;Select multi-point instantaneous initiation in the hole of industrial explosive with low explosive power to reduce excessive crushing of explosive stress wave on the rock wall and increase blasting action time of detonation gas to make blasting efficiency sustainable and effective.Blasting experiment results have shown that optimized blasting design and key technology can solve the problem of heterogeneous complicated rock blasting with a better blasting effect,more uniform blasting energy distribution,and neater blasting heaps to facilitate loading and transportation.

关 键 词：干旱区 非均质 复杂岩体 爆破设计 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]