锂电池中的凝胶聚合物电解质  

Gel Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries

作　　者：杨琪[1,2] 邓南平[2] 程博闻[2] 康卫民[1,2] Qi Yang;Nanping Deng;Bowen Cheng;Weimin Kang(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津工业大学分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《化学进展》2021年第12期2270-2282,共13页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51973157、51673148、51678411);国家博士后科研基金(No.2019M651047);天津市科技计划(No.19PTSYJC00010)资助。

摘　　要：锂电池目前在人们生活中已经得到广泛应用,但是传统的液体电解质沸点低且易泄漏,容易引起锂枝晶生长和安全问题。凝胶聚合物电解质(GPEs)的状态介于液态电解质和固态电解质之间,不仅可以作为电解质,还可以作为隔膜,这样可以减少液体电解质的泄漏以及改善固体电解质的界面电阻。本文综述了锂电池中制备不同类型的GPEs的方法,如溶液浇铸法、相转化法、原位聚合法、UV(紫外)固化法和静电纺丝法等,重点总结了不同纤维基的GPEs(聚(偏二氟乙烯)(PVDF)、聚(偏二氟乙烯-共六氟丙烯)(PVDF-HFP)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺(PMIA))在锂电池中的运用,并通过对不同基质的改性来改善电解质的离子电导率,阻碍锂枝晶的生长。最后,本文对锂电池中GPEs的未来发展前景进行了展望,讨论和提出的策略将为今后高性能锂电池的实际应用提供更多的途径。Lithium batteries have been widely used.However,traditional liquid electrolyte applied in the cell bring about unsatisfactory growth of lithium dendrite and safety problems due to its leak and low boiling point.Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)are intermediate substance between liquid electrolyte and solid electrolyte,which can act as not only electrolyte,but also battery separator,which reduce leakage risk of liquid electrolytes and high interface resistance of solid electrolytes.In the review,the preparation methods of different types of GPEs in lithium batteries,such as solution casting,phase conversion,in-situ polymerization,UV(ultraviolet)curing and electrospinning methods are concluded,and the applications of different fibers-based GPEs(poly(vinylidenefluoride,PVDF),poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene,PVDF-HFP),polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA),poly acrylonitrile(PAN)and poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide(PMIA))in lithium batteries are emphatically summarized.Finally,we conclude with an outlook section to provide some insights on the future prospects of GPEs in lithium batteries.The discussion and proposed strategies in the review will offer more avenues to the practical application of lithium batteries with high electrochemical performance in the future.

关 键 词：凝胶聚合物电解质 锂电池 界面稳定性 离子电导率 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学] TM911[理学—化学]