质谱光电离/解离技术和生物分子结构鉴定  

Photo Ionization and Dissociation in Mass Spectrometry for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules

作　　者：杨笑宇 贾珊珊 张娟 亓英华 胡雪雯 沈宝洁 钟鸿英[1] Xiaoyu Yang;Shanshan Jia;Juan Zhang;Yinghua Qi;Xuewen Hu;Baojie Shen;Hongying Zhong(Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry,College of Chemistry,Central China Normal University,Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学化学学院质谱实验室农药和化学生物学教育部重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《化学进展》2021年第12期2316-2333,共18页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21834002)资助。

摘　　要：质谱是一种广泛应用于化学、生物医学、药学、环境、农业和能源等各领域的分子结构鉴定技术,这种技术通过准确测定分子离子和碎片离子的质量-电荷比来推导分子结构。如何将试样中待测组分有效气化、离子化,转变为具有不同质-荷比的气态离子是质谱仪器和分析方法研究的关键。基于不同物理化学原理的电离、解离方法各有特点,适合不同分析目的。常见的软电离技术一般产生稳定的偶电子离子,往往需要与其他技术联用才能实现分子离子的进一步解离。除了基于碰撞活化和电子得失的两类常见解离方法,光解离技术利用波长/能量可调控的光辐射来使样品分子电离,并引发特定化学键断裂。本文旨在综述不同电离/解离技术,重点探讨近年来发展的红外和紫外光电离/解离技术基本工作原理、仪器特点及其在生物分子(包括有机小分子、蛋白质、核酸和多糖等)结构鉴定中的应用。Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that has been extensively used in the areas of chemistry,biomedicine,pharmacology,environment,agriculture and energy.It is based on the detection of accurate mass-to-charge ratios of molecular ions and fragment ions for the structural identification of diverse biological molecules.How to efficiently ionize and dissociate neutral molecules present in various samples and generate positive or negative ions are the key to the instrumentation of mass spectrometry and the development of enabling analytical methods.There are various ionization and dissociation techniques based on different physical chemical mechanisms that have unique advantages suitable for specific analytical goals.Most soft ionization techniques generate ions with even-numbered electrons that are very stable and need the coupling to other dissociation techniques for further molecular fragmentation.Besides those techniques based on collision activation and electron gains/losses,photo irradiation based techniques can provide wavelength/energy adjustable photons to initiate specific cleavages of chemical bonds.This work is aimed to review fundamental principles and instrumentations of infrared and ultraviolet photo-induced ionization and dissociation.The application to the analysis of different biological molecules including small organic molecules,proteins,nucleic acids,lipids and carbohydrates are also addressed.

关 键 词：红外 紫外 光电离/解离 质谱分析 生物分子 

分 类 号：O657.6[理学—分析化学]