透明超疏水材料的制备及其应用  

Preparation and Application of Transparent Superhydrophobic Materials

作　　者：李玥 卢亚妹 王鹏飞[2] 曹莹泽[2] 戴春爱[1] Yue Li;Yamei Lu;Pengfei Wang;Yingze Cao;Chun’ai Dai(Department of Chemistry,School of Science,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学理学院化学系,北京100044 [2]中国空间技术研究院钱学森空间技术实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《化学进展》2021年第12期2362-2377,共16页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21905302)资助。

摘　　要：超疏水材料由于其独特的非浸润性引起人们的广泛关注,近年来得到迅猛发展,各种适用于不同领域的功能性超疏水表面应运而生。其中,透明超疏水材料因其在光学领域的特殊贡献受到人们的青睐。透明疏水涂层技术对于实际应用具有重要的意义,透明涂层不仅可以满足光学器件防护的高透光率,还可以维持防护本体的基本外观,在自清洁、防污、防冰防雾、防腐蚀等领域都展示出广阔的应用前景。本文系统地阐述了超疏水表面以及其中功能性的透明超疏水表面的最新进展、表面的设计、制造和重要应用。尽管已经取得了重大进展,但是目前超疏水材料在耐久性方面还存在诸多问题,例如,容易被机械外力破坏、极端环境下表面的超疏水性质不稳定以及老化等问题,限制了透明疏水涂层技术的大范围应用。在未来的研究中,一方面继续丰富相关的理论知识,为透明疏水涂层技术的应用提供更多的理论支持,另一方面,提高涂层的透明度和机械耐久性能仍是未来研究的重中之重。Superhydrophobic materials have attracted widespread attention due to their unique non-wetting properties,and have been rapidly developed in recent years.Multifunctional superhydrophobic surfaces suitable for different fields have emerged.Among them,transparent superhydrophobic materials are favored by people because of their special contributions in the optical field.The transparent hydrophobic coating technology is of great significance for practical applications.The transparent coating can not only meet the high light transmittance requirement of optical device protection,but also maintain the basic appearance of the protective body,and shows broad application prospects in the fields of self-cleaning,anti-fouling,anti-icing,anti-fog,anti-corrosion,etc.Here,we systematically elaborate the latest developments in the research progress of superhydrophobic surfaces and functional transparent superhydrophobic surfaces,surface design,manufacturing,and their applications.Although many significant progress has been made,the current durability of superhydrophobic materials still have many problems,such as easy to damage by mechanical external force,instability of superhydrophobic properties on the surface under extreme environments,and aging problems,which limits the wide range of applications of transparent hydrophobic coating technology.In future research,on one hand,relevant theoretical knowledge is to be further enriched to provide more theoretical support for the application of transparent hydrophobic coating technology.On the other hand,improving the transparency and mechanical durability of the coating is still the top priority of future research.

关 键 词：超疏水材料 透明 涂层设计 微纳复合结构 粗糙度 

分 类 号：O647[理学—物理化学] Q692[理学—化学]