量子点与光子晶体微腔的耦合  

Coupling between quantum dots and photonic crystal cavities

作　　者：谢昕[1] 许秀来[1] Xin Xie;Xiulai Xu(Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第1期54-63,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62025507,11934019,11721404,11874419);广东省重点领域研发计划(2018B030329001);中国科学院B类战略性先导科技专项(XDB28000000)资助。

摘　　要：近20年来,量子点与光子晶体微腔的耦合体系受到了国内外的广泛关注,并取得了迅速的发展.它提供了一个有效的光与物质相互作用的量子界面,在光学器件的优化以及量子信息处理等方面都有广泛的应用前景;同时,它具有高集成度,通过与波导集成可实现片上集成的光学芯片.本文主要介绍了自组织生长量子点与光子晶体微腔及其耦合体系的基本原理和实验进展,并展望了该耦合体系的发展趋势与应用前景.Cavity quantum electrodynamics studies the interaction between light and matter at the single quanta level,i.e.,cavity photons and quantum emitters,which has widespread applications in quantum information processing and optical devices,such as lasers,solar cells and light-emitting diodes.To study cavity quantum electrodynamics,a quantum emitter with excellent quantum properties and a cavity with high quality factor and small mode volume are preferred.The coupling between self-assembled quantum dots and photonic crystal cavities has attracted broad attention due to the advanced semiconductor fabrication techniques and excellent optical properties.Great progress has been made in the last two decades,which provides an efficient quantum interface between light and matter at the near-infrared domain.The self-assembled quantum dots have excellent optical properties,including high brightness,high single photon purity,and high indistinguishability,possessing great advantages in the applications of laser,single-photon source,entangled photon source and quantum bit.On the other hand,photonic crystal cavities have high quality factor and small mode volume,providing strong optical confinement.It can greatly enhance the interaction between light and matter.By coupling to photonic crystal cavities,the optical properties of quantum dots can be strongly modified.For example,in the weak coupling regime,where the coupling strength g is smaller than the decay rate of the system,the spontaneous emission rate of quantum dots is enhanced due to the increase of local density of states.The enhancement factor,known as Purcell factor,is proportional to the quality factor and inversely proportional to the mode volume of the cavity.The weak coupling can be used to optimize the performance of optical devices,such as reducing the laser threshold,increasing the efficiency of single-photon source and entangled photon source.In the strong coupling regime,where the coupling strength g is larger than the decay rate,the energy shifts back and forth

关 键 词：量子点 光子晶体微腔 腔量子电动力学 强耦合 弱耦合 

分 类 号：O431.2[机械工程—光学工程] O734[理学—光学]