九市学龄前儿童饮食 运动 睡眠状况调查及城郊差异比较  

Investigation on diet, exercise, and sleeping status of preschool children in nine cities and comparison of urban and suburban difference

作　　者：武华红[1] 宗心南[1] 张亚钦[1] 李辉[1] WU Hua-Hong;ZONG Xin-Nan;ZHANG Ya-Qin(Growth and Development Department,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing,100020,China)

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所生长发育研究室,北京100020

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2022年第1期99-103,共5页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：国家卫生和计划生育委员会妇幼健康服务司委托项目(2015-42);北京市医院管理中心儿科学科协同发展中心专项经费资助(XTZD20180403)。

摘　　要：目的调查九市学龄前儿童饮食、运动及睡眠状况,比较城郊差异。方法研究对象为2015年6-10月参与"中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查"的3~7岁儿童,采用分层整群抽样方法在9个城市调查3~7岁儿童53172名。饮食、运动、睡眠调查采用自制问卷、面对面询问完成。分析儿童饮食和生活习惯的现状及城郊差异。结果53172名儿童中,34.0%的儿童存在挑食现象,城区儿童挑食率为32.4%,低于郊区儿童的35.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=64.419,P<0.05)。城区儿童蛋奶摄入率分别为97.5%和97.1%,分别比郊区儿童高2.7%和2.2%。儿童经常吃零食的比例为24.2%,郊区儿童经常吃零食的比例较城区儿童高4.8%,且摄入甜饮料、膨化食品及油炸食品的比例均高于城区儿童,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。每日总睡眠时间为(11.0±1.0)h、视屏时间为(1.4±1.0)h、户外活动时间为(2.0±1.1)h,仅12.3%的儿童睡眠、运动及视屏时间全部达到身体活动指南的要求,城区儿童全部达标的比例为15.0%,明显高于郊区的9.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=371.915,P<0.05)。结论我国九市学龄前儿童饮食状况改善,蛋奶摄入比例提高,但郊区儿童的饮食结构较城区儿童差,大多数儿童的身体活动未完全达到推荐量。Objective To survey diet,exercise,and sleeping status of preschool children in nine cities,compare urban and suburban difference.Methods From June to October in 2015,the 3-7-year-old children participating in physical development investigation of children under 7 years old in nine cities of China were selected as study object,stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 53172 children aged 3-7 years old.Diet,exercise,and sleeping status was surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire and face-to-face interview.The current situation of dietary and life habits and urban and suburban difference were analyzed.Results Among 53172 preschool children,34.0%of them were picky about food,the rate in urban children was 32.4%,which was statistically significantly lower than that in suburban children(35.7%)(χ^(2)=64.419,P<0.05).The intake rates of eggs and milk in urban children were 97.5%and 97.1%,respectively,which were higher than those in suburban children by 2.7%and 2.2%,respectively.The proportion of children eating snacks was 24.2%,the proportion of suburban children eating snacks was higher than that of urban children by 4.8%,the proportions of suburban children drinking sweet drinks,eating puffed food and fried food were statistically significantly higher than those of urban children(P<0.05).The daily sleep time was(11.0±1.0)hours,the time spent on screen was(1.4±1.0)hours,the outdoor time was(2.0±1.1)hours,only 12.3%of the children reached the requirements of physical activity guidelines about daily sleep time,the time spent on screen,and the outdoor time;the rate of reaching the standard in urban children was 15.0%,which was statistically significantly higher than that in suburban children(9.5%)(χ^(2)=371.915,P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary status of preschool children in nine cities is improved,the intake proportions of eggs and mild are improved,but the dietary structure of suburban children is worse than that of urban children,many children do not reach the recommended standard of activity.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 饮食 运动 睡眠 城郊差异 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]