松材线虫病疫木的虫菌联合转化技术研究  

Using insects and bacteria to dispose of nematode-infected pine timber

作　　者：陈浩南 闫振天[1] 杨世璋[2] 刘玉升[3] 陈斌[1] CHEN Hao-Nan;YAN Zhen-Tian;YANG Shi-Zhang;LIU Yu-Sheng;CHEN Bin(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects,Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Chongqing Station of Forest Pests Control and Quarantine,Chongqing 400700,China;Institute of Environmental Biology and Insect Resources,College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agriculture University,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学昆虫与分子生物学研究所,媒介昆虫重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331 [2]重庆市森林病虫防治检疫站,重庆400700 [3]山东农业大学植物保护学院,环境生物与昆虫资源实验室,泰安271018

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2021年第6期1443-1452,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(鲁渝科技协作计划项目)(CSTC2019JSCX-LYJSAX0004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究松材线虫病疫木无公害处理的新方法,为食用菌生产中菌糠废料有效利用提供新思路,为微生物和昆虫处理有机废弃物提供借鉴。【方法】利用秀珍菇Pleurotuspulmonarius和白星花金龟Protaetia(Liocola)brevitarsis(Lewis)安全无公害处理松材线虫病疫木。将收集到的8株秀珍菇菌种(X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8)和1株平菇菌种(P)通过拮抗试验进行初步分类鉴定。将菌种接种在不同配方的松材线虫病疫木木屑制作的培养基中,25℃恒温培养30-40 d,计算菌丝生长速度。在不同环境条件下,将出菇后的菌糠粉碎后饲养白星花金龟幼虫,饲养15d后称量幼虫重量,并收集虫砂和剩余菌糠,计算取食量、饲料利用率、虫体转化率、虫粪转化率和近似消化率。采用植物种子发芽试验(GI)检验秀珍菇菌糠和白星花金龟幼虫取食菌糠后产生的虫砂的植物毒性。【结果】拮抗试验将8株秀珍菇菌种分为4个品种,第1品种包括X1、X3、X4、X7、X8,第2品种为X2,第3品种为X5,第4品种为X6;适宜接种供试菌株的栽培种培养基配方有2个:1)81%松材线虫病疫木木屑、15%麸皮、2%石灰和2%石膏;2)66%松材线虫疫木木屑、15%麸皮、15%棉籽壳、2%石灰和2%石膏。白星花金龟幼虫取食秀珍菇菌糠的最适温度为27℃,最适含水量在55%-65%之间。3龄幼虫取食效果最佳,在最适饲养条件下每取食100 g秀珍菇菌糠,可转化3龄虫体4.62 g,虫砂80.22 g。植物毒性测试发现秀珍菇菌糠GI值小于50%,仍存在一定植物毒性。菌糠饲养幼虫生产的虫砂的GI值大于50%,已基本不含有植物毒性。【结论】秀珍菇和白星花金龟幼虫可以用于联合处理松材线虫病疫木。[Objectives] To investigate a new, pollution-free method of disposing of pine wood infected with nematodes and provide new ideas for the effective utilization of spent mushroom substrates used in the production of edible fungi. [Methods] The ability of the fungi Pleurotus pulmonarius and larvae of the beetle Protaetia(Liocola) brevitarsis(Lewis) to dispose of pine wood infected with nematodes was investigated. Eight strains of P. pulmonarius(X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8) and 1 strain of Pleurotus ostreatus(P) were classified using by antagonistic tests. Two kinds of culture medium were provided to these strains: 1) 81% saw dust, 15% bran, 2% lime and 2% gypsum;2) 66% saw dust, 15% bran, 15% cottonseed hull, 2% lime, 2%gypsum. The strains of P. pulmonarius were inoculated into a culture medium made of nematode-infected pine sawdust which was cultured at 25℃ for 30-40 d after which the hyphal growth rate was calculated. P.(Liocola)brevitarsis larvae were fed broken, spent mushroom substrate under different environmental conditions and were weighed after 15 d. Larval frass and surplus spent mushroom substrates were collected, and feed intake, feed utilization rate, insect body conversion rate and approximate digestibility calculated. The seed germination index(GI) was used to test the phytotoxicity of the larval frass and spent mushroom substrate to P. pulmonarius.[Results] The optimum temperature for P. brevitarsis larvae to feed on spent, P. pulmonarius mushroom substrate was 27 ℃ and the optimum water content was 55%-65%. 3 rd instar larva were the most efficient feeders. Under optimum feeding conditions, 4.62 g of 3 rd instar larvae and 80.22 g of larvae frass could be obtained from 100 g of spent P. pulmonarius substrate. The GI of spent P. pulmonarius substrates was < 50%,and there was still some phytotoxicity. The GI of larval frass was > 50% and there was no phytotoxicity.[Conclusion] The edible fungus P. pulmonarius and larvae of the beetle P. brevitarsis larvae can be used to decompose nematode-infec

关 键 词：松材线虫病疫木 转化处理 秀珍菇 白星花金龟 

分 类 号：S763.18[农业科学—森林保护学]