试论中世末期京都町人的武装运动  

Armed Movement of Kyoto Chonin in the Late Medieval Age of Japan

作　　者：王玉玲 Wang Yuling(Faculty of History,Nankai University,Tianjing 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院世界近现代史研究中心、日本研究院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期174-181,共8页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“日本中世的宗教与一揆研究”(63212116)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：京都作为日本中世时期兼俱政治与经济属性的大都市,在应仁之乱后便屡遭战火的侵袭。加之武家政权的逃离,京都彻底沦为无主之都,社会秩序随之陷入极端无序的状态。在这样的时代背景下,町人作为京都的普通居民,积极开展武装运动,不仅使京都免于各方大名势力的侵扰,阻断了土一揆、一向一揆等一揆势力对京都的进攻,极大程度发挥了维护京都社会秩序的作用,而且凭借平定一向一揆的功绩,在天文年间掌控了京都的市政权,使町人的社会地位得到了极大提升。但町人势力的快速崛起及其对经济权益的过分追逐,却引发了传统势力的极大不满,最终导致町人武装运动的迅速终结。尽管町人控制京都的历史转瞬即逝,但町人的武装运动却为町人自治拉开了序幕,并为近世町人社会及其自治体制的成熟奠定了重要基础。From the end of 15th century to the mid-16th century,as a political and economic metropolis,Kyoto was attacked by various forces and burned up seriously.After the Muromachi Bakufu left Kyoto,the society fell into a state of extreme disorder.Under that background,militarization campaign by the chonin not only saved Kyoto from the intrusion of the daimyo forces from all sides,but also blocked the attack on Kyoto by the forces of ikki and Iko-ikki.As choin made indelible contributions during the pacification,they took control of Kyoto and their social status was firmed up.But the rapid rise of chonin forces and their excessive pursuit of economic rights and interests caused great dissatisfaction of traditional forces,which eventually led to the rapid end of their armed movement.Although the history of chonin’s control of Kyoto is fleeting,the armed movement of the chonin was the beginning of chonin’s autonomy,laying a foundation for the maturity of modern society and autonomy system.

关 键 词：中世末期 京都 町人 武装运动 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学] K313.3[政治法律—中外政治制度]