基于灾区环境的矿井瓦斯爆炸事故应急救援方法研究  

Emergency rescue method based on disaster area environment of gas explosion in underground coal mines

作　　者：李雷雷 丁晓文[1] 梁跃强 张友杰 练茹楠 LI Leilei;DING Xiaowen;LIANG Yueqiang;ZHANG Youjie;LIAN Runan(The Beijing Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry,Beijing 100093,China;School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Consulting Center of China National Coal Association,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市化工职业病防治院,北京100093 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083 [3]中国煤炭工业协会咨询中心,北京100013

出　　处：《煤矿安全》2022年第1期237-242,共6页Safety in Coal Mines

摘　　要：为了提高煤矿应急救援决策与指挥及现场处置的科学性,避免矿山救援队伤亡事故的发生,基于爆炸力学和流体力学,结合对矿山救援队的调研,对矿井瓦斯爆炸灾区环境的形成机制进行了研究,并针对矿井典型地点的瓦斯爆炸事故,分析了灾区环境的变化规律,探讨了应急救援方法。研究结果表明:瓦斯爆炸灾区环境与爆炸强度、空间尺寸、瓦斯涌出量、井巷设施及救援措施等有重要关系,其形成过程可划分为3个阶段:爆炸冲击破坏和火焰毁坏作用阶段、热量及有毒有害气体的再分布阶段、施救措施对灾区环境的干扰阶段。根据典型地点灾区环境变化规律,提出充分评估瓦斯爆炸事故灾区环境,采取有针对性的救援措施逐步改善灾区环境以实现安全施救的应急救援方法,应重点预防施救措施对灾区环境的干扰诱发矿山救援伤亡事故。In order to resolve the key problems of emergency decision making,command and site disposal,and avoid the occurrence of mine rescue teams’casualties,combining with the survey data from mine rescue teams,the formation mechanism of disaster area environment in underground coal mine gas explosion accidents was studied based on the explosion mechanics and the fluid mechanics.And the changing rule of disaster area environment and emergency rescue method were analyzed for gas explosions happened in the typical locations which were coal face,heading face and roadway.The results show that the disaster area environment has important relationship with explosion intensity,space size of explosion location,gas emission quantity,facilities and rescue measures.The formation of disaster environment can be divided into 3 stages which are the destruction of explosion shock wave and flame front,the redistribution of heat and harmful gas,and the disturbance of rescue measures.Furthermore,in line with the changing rule of disaster area environment,we propose an emergency rescue method that takes targeted measures to improve the disaster environment gradually for safety rescue on the basis of making a strict assessment of disaster area environment.And preventing the rescuers’casualties should be focused on during the disturbance of the rescue measures.

关 键 词：瓦斯爆炸 灾区环境 事故 应急救援 矿山救援队 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]