运动、肠道菌群代谢物--短链脂肪酸与骨骼肌代谢调控  

Exercise,Gut Microbial Metabolite:Short Chain Fatty Acid and Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism

作　　者：徐磊 倪震 张缨[1] XU Lei;NI Zhen;ZHANG Ying(Sport Science College of Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;China Academy of Sport and Health Sciences of Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学中国运动与健康研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2022年第1期1-7,共7页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.32071168);北京体育大学“运动与体质健康”教育部重点实验室资助。

摘　　要：寄生于人体的肠道菌群是一个高度动态化和个体化的复杂生态系统,受遗传、环境、饮食、年龄和运动等因素的影响,并通过其产生的代谢物与机体众多组织器官产生广泛的应答效应。短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acid,SCFA)主要是由位于盲肠和结肠内的菌群以膳食纤维为底物发酵产生,其被吸收进入肠系膜上下静脉,随后汇入门静脉至肝。部分短链脂肪酸被肝作为糖异生和脂质合成的底物,剩余的短链脂肪酸以游离脂肪酸的形式经肝静脉进入外周循环。研究发现,运动可使产生SCFA的肠道菌群组分的丰度提高和参与调控SCFA生成的相关基因表达增加,使肠道中短链脂肪酸含量增加。由短链脂肪酸刺激结肠内分泌细胞合成分泌的胰高血糖素样肽1(glucagon like peptide-1,GLP-1)可促使胰岛B细胞合成分泌胰岛素,进而调节骨骼肌的葡萄糖摄取与糖原合成。此外,短链脂肪酸通过提高骨骼肌胰岛素受体底物1(insulin receptor substrate 1,IRS1)基因转录起始位点附近的组蛋白乙酰化水平,增强骨骼肌的胰岛素敏感性。同时,短链脂肪酸通过激活腺苷酸活化蛋白质激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)促进骨骼肌的脂肪酸摄取、脂肪分解和线粒体生物发生,抑制脂肪合成。本文就肠道菌群代谢物--短链脂肪酸概述、运动对产生短链脂肪酸的肠道菌群的影响和运动介导肠道菌群代谢物--短链脂肪酸对骨骼肌代谢调控机制的最新研究进展进行综述,为骨骼肌运动适应的新机制研究提供理论依据。Gut microbiota,which is influenced by genetics,environment,diet,age and exercise,is a highly dynamic and individualized complex ecosystem and has a wide range of response effects with many tissues and organs through its metabolites.Short chain fatty acids(SCFA)are mainly produced by bacteria in cecum and colon by fermentation with dietary fiber as substrate,which is absorbed into the superior and inferior mesenteric vein,and then converges into the portal vein to the liver.Part of SCFA is used as the substrate of gluconeogenesis and lipid biosynthesis by liver,and the remaining SCFA enters the peripheral circulation through hepatic vein in the form of free fatty acids.It is found that exercise can improve the abundance of gut microbiota producing SCFA and the expression of genes involved in the regulation of SCFA production,and then increase the content of SCFA in the lumen.Glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)is synthesized and secreted by colon endocrine cells stimulated by SCFA.GLP-1 can promote islet B cells to synthesize and secrete insulin,which regulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis.In addition,SCFA enhances the insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle by increasing histone acetylation level on chromatin in proximity of the insulin receptor substrate 1(Irs1)transcriptional start site.At the same time,SCFA can promote fatty acid uptake,lipid catabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis of skeletal muscle by activating AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),and then inhibit lipid anabolism.This paper reviewed the latest research progress in three aspects:summary of the gut microbial metabolites(SCFA),the effect of exercise on the gut microbiota producing SCFA,and the possible mechanism of exercise mediated SCFA on skeletal muscle metabolism.It may provide theoretical basis for the research on the new mechanism in the exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle.

关 键 词：运动 肠道菌群 肠道菌群代谢物 短链脂肪酸 骨骼肌代谢 

分 类 号：Q591.9[生物学—生物化学] Q935