我国北方冬季覆盖作物研究进展及发展前景  

Advances and Outlook of Winter Cover Crop Development Research in Northern China

作　　者：孙万仓 裴新梧[2] 马骊 王学芳[3] 武军艳 李学才 蒲媛媛 刘丽君 柴鹏 李孝泽 贾玉娟[6] 王积军[7] 刘芳[7] 陈其鲜 沈金雄[9] SUN Wancang;PEI Xinwu;MA Li;WANG Xuefang;WU Junyan;LI Xuecai;PU Yuanyuan;LIU Lijun;CHAI Peng;LI Xiaoze;JIA Yujuan;WANG Jijun;LIU Fang;CHEN Qixian;SHEN Jinxiong(Rapeseed Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Gansu Agricultural Technology College,Lanzhou 730030,China;Xifeng District Agro-technology Extension Center,Gansu Qingyang 745000,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Jiuquan Vocational Technical College,Gansu Jiuquan 735009,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730020,China;National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省油菜工程技术研究中心,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京100081 [3]甘肃农业职业技术学院,兰州730030 [4]西峰区农业技术推广中心,甘肃庆阳745000 [5]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [6]酒泉职业技术学院,甘肃酒泉735009 [7]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [8]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,兰州730020 [9]华中农业大学,作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2022年第1期128-136,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金项目(GSCS-2020-Z1);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-12);甘肃省现代农业产业技术体系项目(GARS-TSZ-1)。

摘　　要：农田风蚀退化及其所导致的土地荒漠化是我国北方最大的生态环境问题之一,而冬春季农田长时间裸露是主要原因之一。冬油菜、冬小麦、麦茬等冬季覆盖度70%~95%,风蚀模数分别为22.3、23.3、83.5 kg·hm^(-1)·h^(-1),分别为春播处理(543.6 kg·hm^(-1)·h^(-1))的4.10%、4.28%、15.36%,在防治土壤风蚀、保育农田方面具有良好效果。概述了目前我国北方冬季覆盖作物及周年覆盖高效环保种植技术研究进展。推广应用冬季覆盖作物能够在我国北方广大地区实现农田的周年不间断地表有机覆盖,有效解决北方农田风蚀问题,保育农田,对推动农业提质增效和改善我国北方生态环境具有重要意义。The degrading land caused by wind erosion and the subsequent desertification of farmland in Nnorthern China have been one of the severe eco-environmental problems,which mainly resulted by the long explosion of farmland during winter and spring seasons. The cultivation of winter rapeseed,winter wheat and the wheat stubble after harvest could effectively improve this issue,whose land coverage rates in winter were varied from 70% to 95%. The wind erosion modulus of winter rapeseed,winter wheat and wheat stubble were 22.3,23.3 and 83.5 kg·hm^(-1)·h^(-1),respectively,which were 4.10%,4.28% and 15.36% of the control(spring seeded land,543.6 kg·hm^(-1)·h^(-1)),respectively. This study summarized the research progress of winter cover crops and high-efficiency environmental protection planting technology of annual coverage in China. The application and dissemination of winter cover crops could guarantee constant organic surface coverage for the farmland in Northern China throughout the year,and had achieved great success in preventing winter erosion of farmland,which was of great significance to improve the agricultural quality and the ecological environment in north China.

关 键 词：冬季覆盖作物 农田风蚀 农田保育 经济效益 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]