‘圣诞快乐’朱顶红花芽分化研究  

Flower Bud Differentiation of Hippeastrum hybridum’Merry Christmas’

作　　者：李心[1] 杨柳燕[1] 王桢 孙翊[1] 许俊旭 张永春[1] Li Xin;Yang Liuyan;Wang Zhen;Sun Yi;Xu Junxu;Zhang Yongchun(Forestry&Fruit Tree Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《植物研究》2022年第1期12-20,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：上海市市级农口系统青年人才成长计划(沪农青字(2018)第1-8号)。

摘　　要：采用解剖观测和石蜡切片技术,对朱顶红品种‘圣诞快乐’花芽生长情况、花器官分化和性细胞分化过程进行了研究,以明确朱顶红花芽分化特征,为其花发育、花期调控、杂交育种和系统分类研究提供理论依据。结果表明‘:圣诞快乐’朱顶红每年产生2个花序芽,在第2年完成其内花芽花器官分化,经过低温作用后于第3年盛开,其中第2个花序偶有败育发生;花器官分化过程包括花原基分化期、外花被原基分化期、内花被原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、心皮原基分化期,对应的花芽大小分别约为0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3 cm,所有花器官均为螺旋状向心式发生;朱顶红花药4室,花药壁从外至内由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层组成,绒毡层类型为分泌型,小孢子减数分裂类型为连续型,四分体排列方式为十字交叉型,成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型;朱顶红雌蕊3心皮,下位子房,中轴胎座,3心室,每室两列倒生胚珠,胚珠为双珠被,厚珠心,具葱型胚囊。In order to clarify the characteristics of flower bud differentiation of Hippeastrum hybridum and provide theoretical basis for the research of flower development,flowering regulation,cross breeding and systematic classification,anatomical observation and paraffin sectioning techniques were used to study the growth of flower buds,flower organ differentiation,and sex cell differentiation in the H.hybridum variety of‘Merry Christmas’.The main results were as follows:Each year H.hybridum‘Merry Christmas’produced two inflorescence buds,the flower buds in which completed floral organs differentiation in the second year,then bloomed in the third year after low temperature treatment,and of which the second inflorescence aborted occasionally.The floral organ differentiation process included flower primordium differentiation stage,outer perianth primordium differentiation stage,inner perianth primordium differentiation stage,stamen primordium differentiation stage and carpel primordium differentiation stage,the corresponding length of flower buds were about 0.02,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3 cm,respectively.The primordia of all floral organs initiated spirally and centripetally.The anthers of H.hybridum were tetrasporangiate,and the anther wall was composed of epidermis,endothecium,middle layer,tapetum from outside to inside.The tapetum belonged to secretory type.The cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis was successive.The microspore tetrads were cruciform and the mature pollen grains were 2-celled.The gynoecium of H.hybridum was tricarpellary and the ovary was inferior with axile placentation and trilocular with two rows of anatropous ovules in each locule.The ovule was bitegmic and crassinucellate.The development of embryo sac was of an Allium type.

关 键 词：朱顶红 花芽分化 孢子发生 配子体发生 石蜡切片 

分 类 号：S682.25[农业科学—观赏园艺]