中世纪行会视域下的英格兰法律会馆  

The Inns of Law in England in the Perspective of the Medieval Guilds

作　　者：康宁 Kang Ning

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2021年第6期102-116,155,共16页World History

摘　　要：13世纪以后,作为欧洲城市重要社会经济生活方式的行会进入鼎盛时期。此时,刚刚诞生的英格兰法律职业者为了促进自身发展、维护本行业利益,自发地效仿行会的组织形式,建立起法律会馆。可以说,英格兰法律会馆就是工商业行会在法律界的变体,它们的基本特征、结构与功能都极为相似,皆是职业自治共同体。不过,法律会馆也不是对工商业行会的全盘复制,因为法律会馆首先是一个法律教育机构,而法律又与国家的政治稳定乃至核心价值观紧密相关,由此决定了它与生产经营型的工商业行会之间存在明显差别。是故,从行会的视角出发,对二者进行比照性考察与结构性剖析,可望为这一独具英国特色的法律机制做出准确的历史定位。After the 13^(th) century,the guilds performing as an important socio-economic lifestyle of the European cities entered a period of great prosperity.By this time,in order to promote their own development and protect the interests of the industry,the newly born English legal professionals spontaneously imitated the organisation of the guilds and established the inns of law in England.It can be said that in legal professions the inns of law worked as heredity of the industrial and commercial guilds because they shared similar basic feature,structure and function.They all had the appearance as independently operating professional communities.Indeed,the inns of law did not completely copy the medieval guilds since after all they paid much attention to the non-economic area,namely the legal educational area.They combined the legal training and the core value of national political solidity together,which determines they had sharp distinction compared to the medieval commercial guilds of production and operation.Therefore,the analysis from a perspective of the medieval guilds soundly portraits the inns of law and deeply explores such unique legal institutions in the British history.

关 键 词：中世纪 行会 英格兰 法律会馆 学徒制 辩护人 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学] D956.1[历史地理—世界史] DD916.5[政治法律—法学]